ASTM D4107-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tritium in Drinking Water
Standard Test Method for Tritium in Drinking Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed for measuring tritium in water to determine if the concentration exceeds the regulatory statutes of drinking water. This test method also is applicable for the determination of tritium concentration in water as required by technical specifications governing the operations of nuclear power facilities. With suitable counting technique, sample size, and counting time a detection limit of less than 37 Bq/L (1000 pCi/L) is attainable by liquid scintillation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tritium in drinking water by liquid scintillation counting of the tritium beta particle activity.
1.2 This test method is used successfully with drinking water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for untested water matrices.
1.3 The tritium concentrations, which can be measured by this test method utilizing currently available liquid scintillation instruments, range from less than 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL) to 555 Bq/mL (15 000 pCi/mL) for a 10-mL sample aliquot. Higher tritium concentrations can be measured by diluting or using smaller sample aliquots, or both.
1.4 The maximum contaminant level for tritium in drinking water as given by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) is 0.740 Bq/mL (20 pCi/mL). The NPDWR lists a required detection limit for tritium in drinking water of 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL), meaning that drinking water supplies, where required, should be monitored for tritium at a sensitivity of 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL). In Appendix X1, Eq X1.3 is given for determining the necessary counting time to meet the required sensitivity for drinking water monitoring.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4107 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Tritium in Drinking Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tritium in
drinking water by liquid scintillation counting of the tritium
2. Referenced Documents
beta particle activity.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This test method is used successfully with drinking
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
water.Itistheuser’sresponsibilitytoensurethevalidityofthis
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
test method for untested water matrices.
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
1.3 The tritium concentrations, which can be measured by
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
thistestmethodutilizingcurrentlyavailableliquidscintillation
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process
instruments, range from less than 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL) to
Streams
555 Bq/mL (15000 pCi/mL) for a 10-mL sample aliquot.
D3648Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
Higher tritium concentrations can be measured by diluting or
D7902Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
using smaller sample aliquots, or both.
2.2 Other Documents:
ANSI N42.22Traceability of Radioactive Sources to the
1.4 The maximum contaminant level for tritium in drinking
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
water as given by the United States Environmental Protection
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and Associated Instrument Quality Control
Agency (U.S. EPA) National Primary Drinking Water Regula-
4
BIPM-5Decay Data Evaluation Project (DDEP)
tions (NPDWR) is 0.740 Bq/mL (20 pCi/mL). The NPDWR
5
NUDAT2
lists a required detection limit for tritium in drinking water of
0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL), meaning that drinking water
3. Terminology
supplies, where required, should be monitored for tritium at a
3.1 Definitions:
sensitivity of 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL). In Appendix X1, Eq
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
X1.3 is given for determining the necessary counting time to
meet the required sensitivity for drinking water monitoring. Terminology D1129.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in this standard relating
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
to radiochemical analysis, refer to Terminology D7902.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 A100-mLdrinking water sample aliquot is treated with
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a small amount of sodium hydroxide and potassium
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
permanganate,distilled,andaspecifiedfractionofthedistillate
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
is collected for tritium analysis. The alkaline treatment pre-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
vents other radionuclides, such as radioiodine and radiocarbon
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
from distilling over with the tritium. Some drinking water
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
supplies will contain trace quantities of organic compounds,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water the ASTM website.
3
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi- Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),
cal Analysis. 445 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141, http://www.ieee.org.
4
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved Available from BIPM, Sèvres Cedex, France, https://www.bipm.org.
5
in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4107–08 (2013). DOI: Available from National Nuclear Data Center at Brookhaven National
10.1520/D4107-20. Laboratory, W Princeton Ave, Yaphank, NY 11980, http://www.nndc.bnl.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4107 − 08 (Reapproved 2013) D4107 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Tritium in Drinking Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of tritium in drinking water by liquid scintillation counting of the tritium beta
particle activity.
1.2 This test method is used successfully with drinking water. It is the user’suser’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this
test method for untested water matrices.
1.3 The tritium concentrations, which can be measured by this test method utilizing currently available liquid scintillation
instruments, range from less than 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL) to 555 Bq/mL (15 000 pCi/mL) for a 10-mL sample aliquot. Higher
tritium concentrations can be measured by diluting or using smaller sample aliquots, or both.
1.4 The maximum contaminant level for tritium in drinking water as given by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (U.S. EPA) National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NIPDWR)(NPDWR) is 0.740 Bq/mL (20 pCi/mL). The
NIPDWRNPDWR lists a required detection limit for tritium in drinking water of 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL), meaning that drinking
water supplies, where required, should be monitored for tritium at a sensitivity of 0.037 Bq/mL (1 pCi/mL). In Appendix X1, Eq
X1.3 is given for determining the necessary counting time to meet the required sensitivity for drinking water monitoring.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process Streams
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
D7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
2.2 Other Documents:
ANSI N42.22 Traceability of Radioactive Sources to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Associated
3
Instrument Quality Control
4
BIPM-5 Decay Data Evaluation Project (DDEP)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013July 1, 2020. Published July 2013July 2020. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D4107 – 08.D4107 – 08 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/D4107-08R13.10.1520/D4107-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
American National Glossary of Terms in Nuclear Science and Technology, available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New
York, NY 10036, www.ansi.org.Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), 445 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141, http://www.ieee.org.
4
Available from BIPM, Sèvres Cedex, France, https://www.bipm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4107 − 20
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NUDAT2
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129. For terms not
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defined in this test method or in Terminology D11
...
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