ASTM D3023-98(2024)

Standard Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 When used in conjunction with Guide D333, this practice will provide a comprehensive evaluation of resistance to stains caused by chemical reagents and household chemicals.  
3.2 This practice applies only to coatings applied in sufficient quantity to form a continuous film. It is recommended that the dry film thickness of the coating under test be reported.  
3.3 Results from stain tests conducted in accordance with this practice distinguish differences between coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers evaluation of clear factory-applied coating systems on wood substrates.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2024
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.52 - Factory Coated Wood Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3023-98(2017) - Standard Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Referred By: ASTM D3732-23 - Standard Practice for Reporting Cure Times of Ultraviolet-Cured Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024

Overview

ASTM D3023-98(2024), "Standard Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents," establishes a method for evaluating how clear, factory-applied coating systems on wood substrates withstand stains from chemical reagents and household chemicals. Developed by ASTM International, this standard supports consistent quality control in the wood products industry and helps manufacturers, users, and specifiers compare coating performance reliably.

The standard ensures impartial assessment by using clearly defined test procedures for a variety of horizontal, vertical, and laboratory-use wood surfaces. It also aligns with internationally recognized standardization principles, following guidelines established by the World Trade Organization (WTO) Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Key Topics

• Scope of Application: This standard covers only clear coatings that are factory-applied to wood products in a continuous film. The dry film thickness should be reported for accurate assessment.
• Testing Procedures: The method involves applying staining agents in small amounts to coated wood surfaces and assessing resistance after a specified period. Examination is performed for visual defects such as graying, spotting, wrinkling, and discoloration.
• Selection of Staining Agents: Approved reagents include water, alcohol, acids, bases, inks, waxes, oils, and common household chemicals such as cleaners and food stains. Selection should reflect the intended use of the wood product (vertical, horizontal, or laboratory surfaces).
• Reporting: Key details to be reported include substrates tested, coating specifications, reagents and concentrations, rinsing methods, film thickness, and the observed effects of staining.
• Safety Considerations: The user is responsible for safety, health, and environmental practices and any regulatory limitations applicable to the substances and procedures used.

Applications

ASTM D3023-98(2024) offers practical value in multiple contexts, including:

• Manufacturing Quality Assurance: Wood product manufacturers use this standard to verify the coating's resistance to daily wear and exposure to common chemicals, ensuring product longevity.
• Product Development and R&D: Chemical and coatings companies utilize this practice to compare new or alternate coatings and document improvements in stain resistance.
• Specification and Procurement: Architects, designers, and specifiers reference this standard to ensure coatings used on wood products meet the appropriate resistance criteria for specific environments (e.g., kitchens, laboratories, offices).
• Customer Communication: Furniture producers and finishers use test results based on ASTM D3023 to communicate product durability to end-users and differentiate products in the marketplace.
• International Trade Compliance: The standard supports alignment with global trade requirements and quality expectations, aiding exporters and importers of wood products.

Related Standards

• ASTM D333: Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers, referenced for broader evaluation procedures and foundational guidance on stain resistance testing.
• ASTM D2571: (Withdrawn) Formerly used for testing wood furniture lacquers, relevant historical reference for certain procedures mentioned.
• ASTM D235: Specification for Mineral Spirits, an example solvent used in test procedures.
• WTO TBT Principles: The standard follows principles set by the World Trade Organization’s Technical Barriers to Trade Committee, facilitating international acceptance.

Keywords: ASTM D3023, coating resistance, wood products, stain testing, clear coatings, factory-applied finish, chemical resistance, household chemicals, quality control, international standards, wood surface coatings.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3023 − 98 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Practice for
Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on
Wood Products to Stains and Reagents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 This practice applies only to coatings applied in suffi-
cient quantity to form a continuous film. It is recommended
1.1 This practice covers evaluation of clear factory-applied
that the dry film thickness of the coating under test be reported.
coating systems on wood substrates.
3.3 Results from stain tests conducted in accordance with
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
this practice distinguish differences between coatings.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
4. Reagents
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Code for Applicability of Reagents—V = Vertical, any
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surface that may be vertical as on a dresser front. H =
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Horizontal, any surface that may be horizontal as on a table
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
top. L = Laboratory, any surface that may be used for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
laboratory furniture (Section 9).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 Water:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2.1 Tap Water, V, H, L
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2.2 Boiling Water (test in accordance with the Boiling
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Water Resistance section of Guide D2571): H, L
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.3 Alcohol:
4.3.1 Ethyl Alcohol (test in accordance with the Alcohol
2. Referenced Documents
Resistance section of Guide D2571): V, H, L
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.4 Aliphatic:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent) 4.4.1 Mineral Spirits: L (Specification, Type III)
4.4.2 Perchloroethylene: V, H, L
D333 Guide for Clear and Pigmented Lacquers
D2571 Guide for Testing Wood Furniture Lacquers (With-
4.5 Ketone:
drawn 2003)
4.5.1 Methyl Ethyl Ketone: L
3. Significance and Use 4.6 Acetate:
4.6.1 Amyl Acetate: H, L
3.1 When used in conjunction with Guide D333, this
practice will provide a comprehensive evaluation of resistance
4.7 Inorganic Acid:
to stains caused by chemical reagents and household chemi-
4.7.1 Hydrochloric Acid (3 N)—Dilute 258 mL of 12 N
cals.
(36 %) HCl to 1 L: L
4.8 Organic Acid:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
4.8.1 Acetic Acid (3 N)—Dilute 172 mL of 99 % acetic acid
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
to 1 L: V, H, L
Subcommittee D01.52 on Factory Coated Wood Products.
4.8.2 Grape Juice (unsweetened): V, H
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D3023 – 98 (2017).
4.8.3 Lactic Acid (5 % solution): V, H
DOI: 10.1520/D3023-98R24.
4.9 Bases:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.9.1 Unscented Mild Soap (saturated solution): V, H, L
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.9.2 Potassium Tripolyphosphate (saturated solution con-
the ASTM website.
3 taining 0.5 % sodium N-methyl-N-oleyl laurate (Igepon T-73):
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. V, H, L
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3023 − 98 (2024)
4.9.3 Ammonium Hydroxide (3 % solution): L 8. Procedure
4.9.4 Trisodium Phosphate (saturated solution): V, H, L
8.1 Conduct the test with panel surfaces horizontal at room
4.9.5 Urea (6.6 % solution): V, H, L
temperature unless a different temperature is specified.
4.10 Disinfectant:
8.2 Place 0.5 mL (0.017 oz) of each staining agent on the
4.10.1 Cresols (5 % solution): V, H, L
finish surface and allow to stand uncovered for 18 h (or a time
4.11 Ink: agreeable to the producer and the user) except for staining
4.11.1 Washable Ink: V, H, L agents 4.3 to 4.6. On these put a 25 mm (1 in.) square of
4.11.2 Permanent Ink: V, H, L double-acid-washed quantitative filter paper. The purpose of
4.11.3 Ball-Point Ink: V, H, L the filter paper is to maintain a longer wet contact of volatile
reagents with the surface of the finish.
4.12 Dye:
4.12.1 Coffee (test in accordance with the Coffee Stain 8.3 After 18 h exposure, or other time period agreed to by
Resistance section of Guide D2571): V, H the producer and the user, wash the surface with water, rinse
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