ASTM D4086-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
Standard Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Metameric color matches result from the use of different colorants (pigments, dyes, and the like) in achieving the same color match. Usually, the purchaser requires that the color match be nonmetameric; this practice permits this requirement to be quickly tested in both field and laboratory. Where nonmetameric matches are not possible or practicable, for cost or other reasons, some limitation of metamerism may be required. The procedures for estimating the magnitude of metamerism described in this practice provide methods for assessing the effectiveness of such limitation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes visual methods for detecting metamerism and for estimating the magnitude of a metameric color difference.
1.2 The practice is limited to the consideration of illuminant metamerism and observer metamerism. This practice does not cover gonioapparent samples.
1.3 This practice does not provide for the computation of indices of metamerism based upon instrumental measurement of spectral characteristics.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4086 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4086; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Because perceived color involves the spectral characteristics of source, object, and eye, different
combinations of spectral characteristics can evoke the same color sensation. For this reason,
metamerism has been described as “invisible spectral differences.”
Apairofspecimensissaidtobemetamericwhenthespecimensmatchunderonesetofilluminating
and viewing conditions and do not match under another set. For this condition to exist, there must be
differences in spectral character of specimens and sources or specimens and observers. There may be
more than one condition under which the specimens match, as well as more than one for which they
are a mismatch. Similarly, two specimens may be a near-match under one set of conditions, and under
another set the direction and magnitude of the color difference may change.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice describes visual methods for detecting 2.1 ASTM Standards:
metamerism and for estimating the magnitude of a metameric D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
color difference. ence With a Gray Scale
E284 Terminology of Appearance
1.2 The practice is limited to the consideration of illuminant
metamerism and observer metamerism. This practice does not
3. Terminology
cover gonioapparent samples.
3.1 Definitions of appearance terms used in this practice
1.3 This practice does not provide for the computation of
may be found in Terminology E284.
indices of metamerism based upon instrumental measurement
3.2 Definitions:
of spectral characteristics.
3.2.1 metamerism, n—propertyoftwospecimensthatmatch
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
under a specified illuminator and to a specified observer and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
whose spectral reflectances or transmittances differ in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
visible wavelengths.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—As a consequence of the required
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
difference, the two specimens may not match under a different
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
illuminator or to a different observer. Similar considerations
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
apply to two lights matching to a specified observer but not to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
other observers. (E284)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2 paramerism, n—phenomenon in which specimens
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
having different spectrophotometric curves produce approxi-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mately the same color sensation under the same illuminating
and viewing conditions. (E284)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on Visual
2
Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4086 – 92a (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4086-18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4086 − 18
4. Significance and Use difference was manifested. Use is made of paired gray scales,
as specified in Test Method D2616, that display increasingly
4.1 Metameric color matches result from the use of different
larger color differences with each successive pair of grays in
colorants (pigments, dyes, and the like) in achieving the same
the scale. The metameric specimen pair is placed in juxtapo-
color match. Usually, the purchaser requires that the color
sition with the edge of the gray scale and compared with
match be nonmetameric; this practice permits this requirement
various gray pairs. The total perceived color differe
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4086 − 92a (Reapproved 2012) D4086 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4086; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Because perceived color involves the spectral characteristics of source, object, and eye, different
combinations of spectral characteristics can evoke the same color sensation. For this reason,
metamerism has been described as “invisible spectral differences.”
A pair of specimens is said to be metameric when the specimens match under one set of illuminating
and viewing conditions and do not match under another set. For this condition to exist, there must be
differences in spectral character of specimens and sources or specimens and observers. There may be
more than one condition under which the specimens match, as well as more than one for which they
are a mismatch. Similarly, two specimens may be a near-match under one set of conditions, and under
another set the direction and magnitude of the color difference may change.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes visual methods for detecting metamerism and for estimating the magnitude of a metameric color
difference.
1.2 The practice is limited to the consideration of illuminant metamerism and observer metamerism. It is not designed to cover
so-called geometric metamerism, in which members of specimen pairs change relative appearance as the angles of illumination
and viewing are changed, for example, because they incorporate flake metal or pearlescent colorants.This practice does not cover
gonioapparent samples.
1.3 This practice does not provide for the computation of indices of metamerism based upon instrumental measurement of
spectral characteristics.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale
E284 Terminology of Appearance
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of appearance terms used in this practice may be found in Terminology E284.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 metamerism, n—property of two specimens that match under a specified illuminator and to a specified observer and whose
spectral reflectances or transmittances differ in the visible wavelengths.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on Visual Methods.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2018. Published August 2012October 2018. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D4086 – 92a (2007).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D4086-92AR12.10.1520/D4086-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4086 − 18
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
As a consequence of the required difference, the two specimens may not match under a different illuminator or to a different
observer. Similar considerations apply to two lights matching to a specified observer but not to other observers. (E284)
3.2.2 paramerism, n—phenomenon in which specimens having different spectrophotometric curves produce approximately the
same color sensation under the same illuminating and viewing conditions. (E284)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Metameric color matches result from the use of different colorants (pigments, dyes, and the like) in achievi
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4086 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4086; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Because perceived color involves the spectral characteristics of source, object, and eye, different
combinations of spectral characteristics can evoke the same color sensation. For this reason,
metamerism has been described as “invisible spectral differences.”
A pair of specimens is said to be metameric when the specimens match under one set of illuminating
and viewing conditions and do not match under another set. For this condition to exist, there must be
differences in spectral character of specimens and sources or specimens and observers. There may be
more than one condition under which the specimens match, as well as more than one for which they
are a mismatch. Similarly, two specimens may be a near-match under one set of conditions, and under
another set the direction and magnitude of the color difference may change.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice describes visual methods for detecting 2.1 ASTM Standards:
metamerism and for estimating the magnitude of a metameric D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
color difference. ence With a Gray Scale
E284 Terminology of Appearance
1.2 The practice is limited to the consideration of illuminant
metamerism and observer metamerism. This practice does not
3. Terminology
cover gonioapparent samples.
3.1 Definitions of appearance terms used in this practice
1.3 This practice does not provide for the computation of
may be found in Terminology E284.
indices of metamerism based upon instrumental measurement
3.2 Definitions:
of spectral characteristics.
3.2.1 metamerism, n—property of two specimens that match
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
under a specified illuminator and to a specified observer and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
whose spectral reflectances or transmittances differ in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
visible wavelengths.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—As a consequence of the required
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
difference, the two specimens may not match under a different
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
illuminator or to a different observer. Similar considerations
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
apply to two lights matching to a specified observer but not to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
other observers. (E284)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2 paramerism, n—phenomenon in which specimens
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
having different spectrophotometric curves produce approxi-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mately the same color sensation under the same illuminating
and viewing conditions. (E284)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.11 on Visual
2
Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D4086 – 92a (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4086-18.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4086 − 18
4. Significance and Use difference was manifested. Use is made of paired gray scales,
as specified in Test Method D2616, that display increasingly
4.1 Metameric color matches result from the use of different
larger color differences with each successive pair of grays in
colorants (pigments, dyes, and the like) in achieving the same
the scale. The metameric specimen pair is placed in juxtapo-
color match. Usually, the purchaser requires that the color
sition with the edge of the gray scale and compared with
match be nonmetameric; this practice permits this requirement
various gray pairs. The total perceived color difference be-
to be quickly tested in both field and laboratory. Where
tween the two members of the test pair is compared to the
non
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.