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ASTM D5010-03

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials

Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a list of test methods, practices, and specifications that can be used for the testing and evaluation of printing inks, printed ink films, and substrates used in their production (see Table 1).
1.2 This guide includes methods that were developed to test paints, paint films, and substrates, but may be adapted for use in testing printing inks and printed matter. Tests on raw materials and analytical methods in general have not been included.
Note 1—For the purpose of this guide, clear coatings such as overprint varnishes are classed as printing inks.
1.3 Other ASTM standards not specified here may also be applicable.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.56 - Printing Inks
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5010-01e1 - Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D5010-03e1 - Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7188-05(2019) - Standard Terminology for Printing Inks, Materials, and Processes
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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ASTM D5010-03 - Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related MaterialsASTM D5010-03 - Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials
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ASTM D5010-03 - Standard Guide for Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5010–03
Standard Guide for
1
Testing Printing Inks and Related Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5010; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1.1 Discussion— Printed matter is the usual medium by
which inks are tested for appearance properties, drying, and
1.1 This guide covers a list of test methods, practices, and
resistance to various agents.
specifications that can be used for the testing and evaluation of
3.2.2 printing substrate, n—material onto which ink is
printing inks, printed ink films, and substrates used in their
deposited in the production of printed matter.
production (see Table 1).
3.2.2.1 Discussion— Printing substrates include paper, pa-
1.2 This guide includes methods that were developed to test
perboard, plastic film, glass, and metallic surfaces. In this
paints, paint films, and substrates, but may be adapted for use
guide, standards relating to substrates are largely restricted to
in testing printing inks and printed matter. Tests on raw
properties associated with appearance and printability.
materials and analytical methods in general have not been
included.
4. Test Categories
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this guide, clear coatings such as overprint
4.1 For convenience in selection, the test methods, prac-
varnishes are classed as printing inks.
tices, and specifications, listed in this guide are classified into
1.3 Other ASTM standards not specified here may also be
three groups by type of printing process and in subgroups
applicable.
indicating whether the test is conducted on a bulk ink, a printed
ink film, or a substrate (see Table 2). The group is given in the
2. Referenced Documents
left column preceding the test method reference. The classifi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cation are a follows:
D 16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,
4.1.1 Group 1—Applicable in General:
2
and Applications
Class A—Bulk inks.
Class B—Printed ink films.
3. Terminology
Class C—Substrates.
3.1 Definitions:
4.1.2 Group 2—Applicable to Low Viscosity or Liquid Inks
3.1.1 The following definition is given in Terminology
Associated With Flexography or Gravure:
D 16.
Class A—Bulk inks.
3.1.2 printing ink, n—a colored or pigmented liquid or paste
Class B—Printed ink films.
composition that dries to a solid film after application as a thin
Class C—Substrates.
layer by printing machinery.
4.1.3 Group 3—Applicable to High Viscosity or Paste Inks
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Printing inks may contain vehicles,
Associated With Letterpress, Lithography, or Silk Screen:
colorants, waxes, solvents, and other additives. Bulk inks are
Class A—Bulk inks.
tested for dispersion, tinting strength, density, heat and storage
Class B—Printed ink films.
stability, rheology, and printing properties.
Class C—Substrates.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5. Precision and Bias
3.2.1 printed ink film, n—thin layer of a printing ink
deposited onto a substrate by means of a laboratory or
5.1 If available, precision for each test method listed can be
production printing press, occasionally by a drawdown or
found in the latest revision of that test method.
roll-out technique.
6. Keywords
6.1 printed matter; printing inks; printing substrates; test
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of theASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
methods and practices (tabulation of)
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
e1
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5010 – 01 .
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5010–03
TABLE 1 Numerical Listing of Ink-Related Standards
ASTM Designation Volume Title
D 16 06.01 Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
D 56 05.03 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
06.04
D 93 04.09 Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martin Closed Tester
05.01
06.04
D 185 06.03 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments, Pastes, and Paints
D 344 06.01 Test Method for Relative Dry Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
D 523 06.01 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D 528 15.09 Test Method for Machine Direction of Paper and Paperboard
D 562 06.01 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
D 644 15.0
...

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5.1 Inadequate setting or drying of sheetfed inks, or both, can cause blocking of stacked prints with subsequent loss of product. “Setting” of an ink refers to the rapid rise in viscosity of the printed ink film, sometimes accompanied by surface drying, that prevents transference of the undried ink film to adjacent surfaces under light pressure. “Setting” is a property of the ink-substrate combination. Inadequate drying may be due to several factors, but the primary causes are: (1) omission of metallic driers from the ink, improper ink formulation (2) unusual ink-substrate interactions, and (3) use of a fountain solution that is too acidic. If the test prints are made on a standard laboratory proof press, where there is no application of fountain solution, then only the first three possible causes can be evaluated. If the prints have been made on a commercial production printing press or some other acceptable means of introducing the fountain solution into the ink agreed upon, then the effect of fountain solution can be determined. It will often be necessary to run several tests to isolate the specific cause of a drying problem.  
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3.1 The lithographic printing process requires that some dampening solution be emulsified into the ink. These test methods provide a rapid means for determining water pickup under laboratory conditions. Test results may be useful for specification acceptance between the supplier and the customer.  
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ASTM D1316-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks By the NPIRI Grindometer

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5.1 Oversize particles in a printing ink may damage a printing plate, plug a cell, clog a nozzle and adversely affect the appearance of printed ink films. Fineness of grind measurements are useful for deciding when to stop the dispersion process and for determining if the test material meets specifications as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.
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1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determining the fineness of grind of printing inks using a NPIRI Grindometer. It evaluates the size of the largest particles in a finished dispersion but not average particle size or concentration of sizes.  
1.2 This test method covers both manual and automatic drawdowns using an A1 scraper.  
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ASTM D6488-08(2020)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Print Problems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 A common set of definitions is essential to improve communication and avoid misunderstanding among ink makers, substrate makers, and printers.  
3.2 The term “paper” in this standard also encompasses the term “paperboard.”  
3.3 Definitions that are verbatim from one of the referenced sources are indicated by giving the acronym of the organization or the author of the book at the end of the definition.
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1.1 This terminology standard gives definitions for problems that develop with printed matter as a result of deficiencies in the ink, substrate, press, or combinations thereof.  
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ASTM D6688-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Relative Resistance of Printed Matter to Liquid Chemicals by a Sandwich Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many types of printed matter, notably container labels, packaging materials, magazine and book covers, must be resistant to liquid materials that may contact them advertently or inadvertently. This practice permits an assessment of resistance of printed matter to several types of liquids.  
4.2 The requirement that a reference print be run at the same time as the test print minimizes effects of atmospheric conditions (humidity and temperature) and other variations which may develop.  
4.3 This practice can be used to determine whether new formulations are suitable for the end-use purpose and for specification acceptance between producer and user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the relative resistance of printed matter to liquid chemicals, as evidenced by lack of discoloration, bleeding, or loss of gloss.  
1.2 This practice utilizes a sandwich procedure similar in principle to ISO/TC 130 N 589. Spotting or immersion procedures are covered in Test Methods D1308, D1647, and D2248.  
1.3 This practice is applicable to prints on any flat substrate including paper, paperboard, metallic foil, metal plate, and plastic films, and produced by any printing process including letterpress, offset lithography, flexography, gravure, silk screen, and non-impact.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
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