ASTM D4307-17(2021)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
Standard Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The laboratory preparation of liquid blends of known composition is required to provide analytical standards for the calibration of chromatographic and other types of analytical instrumentation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the preparation of small volumes of multicomponent liquid blends for use as analytical standards.
1.2 This practice is applicable to components that are normally liquids at ambient temperature and pressure, or solids that will form a solution when blended with liquids. Butanes can be included if precaution is used in blending them.
1.3 This practice is limited to those components that fulfill the following conditions:
1.3.1 They are completely soluble in the final blend.
1.3.2 They are not reactive with other blend components or with blend containers.
1.3.3 The combined vapor pressure of the blended components is such that there is no selective evaporation of any of the components.
1.3.3.1 The butane content of the blend is not to exceed 10 %. (Warning—Extremely flammable liquefied gas under pressure. Vapor reduces oxygen available for breathing.) Components with a vapor pressure higher than butanes are not to be blended.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4307 − 17 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical
Standards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
preparation of small volumes of multicomponent liquid blends D1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl
for use as analytical standards. Fischer Reagent Titration Method) (Withdrawn 2021)
1.2 This practice is applicable to components that are
3. Summary of Practice
normally liquids at ambient temperature and pressure, or solids
3.1 The individual blend components are precisely weighed
that will form a solution when blended with liquids. Butanes
and combined in an inert, tight-sealing glass vial or similar
can be included if precaution is used in blending them.
container. When volatility is a consideration, the components
1.3 This practice is limited to those components that fulfill
of lowest vapor pressure (least volatile) are added first and the
the following conditions:
highest (most volatile) last. Mass (weight) percent composition
1.3.1 They are completely soluble in the final blend.
ofthefinalblendiscalculatedfromthemassandpuritiesofthe
1.3.2 They are not reactive with other blend components or
pure components. Volume percent composition can be calcu-
with blend containers.
lated using the density of each component.
1.3.3 The combined vapor pressure of the blended compo-
nents is such that there is no selective evaporation of any of the
4. Significance and Use
components.
4.1 The laboratory preparation of liquid blends of known
1.3.3.1 The butane content of the blend is not to exceed
composition is required to provide analytical standards for the
10 %. (Warning—Extremely flammable liquefied gas under
calibration of chromatographic and other types of analytical
pressure. Vapor reduces oxygen available for breathing.) Com-
instrumentation.
ponents with a vapor pressure higher than butanes are not to be
blended.
5. Apparatus
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 Containers:
standard.
5.1.1 Vial, glass, threaded neck, approximately 22 mL
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
capacity, short style. Vials of other capacities may be substi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tuted as required. When blending light-sensitive components,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
use amber glass vials or wrap clear glass vials with black tape.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1.2 Bottle Cap, molded plastic with TFE-fluorocarbon,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
polypropylene, or polyethylene conical liner.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
5.1.3 Bottle Cap, molded plastic with aluminum foil liner.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Aluminum foil liners are preferred to other metal liners
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
because they seal better.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1.4 Mininert Valve, screw cap, 20 mm or appropriate size
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to match vial size used. These caps are especially valuable for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
preparing blends that contain volatile components.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.04.0A on Preparation of Standard Hydrocarbon Blends. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D4307 – 17. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D4307-17R21. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4307 − 17 (2021)
NOTE 1—The use of Mininert valves is recommended when compo-
the vial to about 4 °C between weighings.When this technique
nents lighter than hexane are contained in the liquid blends.
is utilized, the volatile component is added, and the vial is
5.2 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.1 mg. closed and weighed. The vial and contents then are chilled
thoroughly before the vial is opened to allow addition of the
5.3 Pipet, dropping, medicine dropper.
nextcomponent.Thenextcomponentisaddedquickly,thevial
5.4 Spatula, semi-micro, scoop style.
closed, and the vial and contents brought to ambient tempera-
ture before the mass is obtained. Exercise care to ensure that
6. Reagents and Materials
moisture condensed on the exterior of the vial is removed
6.1 Blend Components, high-purity, as required depending
before weighing. After weighing, the vial and contents are
on the composition requirements of the proposed blend.
re-chilled before the vial is opened to permit addition of the
6.1.1 To verify the purity of blend components, analyze
next component.
each compound by the same technique for which the blend is
7.3 To prepare a blend containing components at low
intended or by another suitable technique. Check for other
concentration, for example, mg/kg, where the weighed quan-
impurities such as water, if necessary. Water cannot be deter-
tities would be too small for sufficient accuracy, it is necessary
mined with sufficient accuracy by most GC methods and must
to make an initial blend of those components at higher
be measured by other procedures such as Test Method D1364,
concentrations. Successive dilutions are then made until the
or equivalent, and the result used to normalize the chromato-
final desired concentration is reached. For example, if a blend
graphic value. If any of the impurities found are other
is desired that contains 56 mg⁄kg (mass-ppm) n-heptane in
components of the blend, determine their concentrations and
cyclohexane, weigh together 2 mL of n-heptane and 20 mL of
make appropriate corrections.
cyclohexane. Make certain that between all weighings the
unmixedliquiddoesnotcontactthecontainercap,whichcould
7. Procedure
cause preferential losses. After both components have been
7.1 Examine the vial and cap to verify that a leak-free
added, thoroughly mix this blend by shaking. M
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