ASTM D3022-84(2005)

Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pigments by Use of a Miniature Sandmill

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a way of testing the color and strength of pigments by use of a miniature sandmill. It correlates well with industrial practice and is used for routine quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, through the use of a miniature sandmill, of the color and strength of dry color pigments.  
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2005
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.26 - Optical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3022-84(1996)e1 - Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pigments by Use of a Miniature Sandmill
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM D3022-84(2011) - Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pigments by Use of a Miniature Sandmill (Withdrawn 2020)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D7540-09(2019) - Standard Practice for Dispersion of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3022–84(Reapproved2005)
Standard Test Method for
Color and Strength of Color Pigments by Use of a Miniature
Sandmill
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3022; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope TT-R-266 Resin, Alkyd; Solutions
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
1.1 This test method covers the determination, through the
Miniature sandmill
use of a miniature sandmill, of the color and strength of dry
color pigments.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 This test method is a way of testing the color and
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
strength of pigments by use of a miniature sandmill. It
only.
correlates well with industrial practice and is used for routine
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
quality control.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Balance, sensitive to 10 mg with a capacity in excess of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
300 g.
statements, see Section 6.
4.2 Miniature Sandmill—A laboratory disperser equipped
2. Referenced Documents with a 41-mm (1 ⁄8-in. ) diameter fiber rotary disk impeller
2 rotating at a constant 8000 r/min under varying load condi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tions. The shaft upon which the impeller is mounted shall be
C778 Specification for Sand
sufficiently balanced so no whip of the shaft is observed
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
between 0 and 10 000 r/min.
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
4.3 Cylinder, 100-mL graduated.
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
4.4 Beakers, 200-mLtall-form, stainless steel, or polyethyl-
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
ene (approximately 60-mm inside diameter).
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
4.5 Strainers, paper cone, disposable, about 40 mesh.
Coordinates
4.6 Fiber Disks, 41-mm (1 ⁄8-in.) diameter phenolic lami-
E97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-deg
nated, 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.) thick.
0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter Reflec-
3 4.7 Paper Charts, smooth, surface-coated, the surface of
tometry
which should be impervious to paint liquids.
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
Using the CIE System
2.2 Federal Specification:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published February 2005. Originally Drawings are available fromASTM International Headquarters. OrderAdjunct
´1
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D3022 – 84 (1996) . ADJD3022.
DOI: 10.1520/D3022-84R05. The sole source of supply of the disks known to the committee at this time is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Gardner/BYK-Gardner, Inc., Gardner Laboratory, 2435 Linden Lane, Silver Spring,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM MD20910.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,pleaseprovidethisinformation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consid-
the ASTM website. eration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3 7
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced Thesolesourceofsupplyofthewhiteandblackchartsknowntothecommittee
on www.astm.org. at this time is the Leneta Co., 15Whitney Rd., Mahwah, NJ 07430. If you are aware
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
dodssp.daps.dla.mil. responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
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D3022–84 (2005)
FIG. 1 Oil Absorption Spatula Procedure
4.8 Film Applicator, with an 200-µm (8-mil) clearance at 5.3 Grinding Vehicle—Along oil alkyd meeting U.S. Fed.
least 75 mm (3 in.) wide. Spec. TT-R-266 Type 1-Areduced to 47 % solids with mineral
4.9 Color-Measuring Instruments, as defined in Test spirits conforming to Specification D235 (2 parts alkyd and 1
Method E97 or Practice E308. part mineral spirits by weight).
5.4 White Tinting Paint—A flat white tinting paint compat-
5. Materials
ible with the dispersion vehicle meeting the following require-
ments.
5.1 Samples of standard reference pigments as agreed upon
5.4.1 Gloss (60°) less than 4, as determined by Test
between the purchaser and the seller.
Method D523.
5.2 Standard Sand —Regular 20 to 30-mesh (850 to 600-
5.4.2 Contrast Ratio (51-µm (2-mil) dry film): 99.2 min.
µm) cement testing sand conforming to Specification C778.
5.5 Drier Blend—One part 6 % manganese naphthenate, 2
Thesandshallbescreenedtoremoveallsub30-meshparticles.
parts 6 % cobalt naphthenate, and 4 parts 24 % lead naphth-
Twenty to thirty-mesh glass beads may be used instead of
enate by weight.
sand.
6. Hazards
6.1 Whileoperatingthemill,keephandswellawayfromthe
The sole source of supply of the sand known to the committee at this time is
shaft and disk and be sure that no article of clothing (for
Agsco Division,American Graded Sand Co., 189 E. 7th St., Patterson, NJ 07524. If
example, necktie or long hair) will catch on moving parts.This
you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a precaution applies to all cases where the mill is in operation.
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the glass beads known to the committee at this
time is Quackenbusch Co., P. O. Box 607, Palatine, IL 60067. If you are aware of A long oil soya or safflower alkyd at 70 % solids with the following
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International characteristics: Nonvolatile 70 6 1 %, phthalic anhydride 23 % min, fatty acids 60
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the to 65 %, dihydric alcohol 4 % max, acid number 5 to 10, specific gravity
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. 0.950–0.970, Gardner color 10.
D3022–84 (2005)
7. Procedure for Mass Color 8.4.1 If the spectrophotometric curves cross or otherwise
deviate from a relationship characteristic of effectively identi-
7.1 Weigh to the nearest 10 mg an appropriate amount of
cal materials, the method is inapplicable (that is, the method is
pigment to be tested into a 200-mL tall-form beaker. (The
not applicable to metameric specimens).
amount of pigment needed can be calculated from the graph
8.4.2 Whenspectrophotometersorabridgedspectrophotom-
showninFig.1orobtainedfromthetableonthegraph.)Tothe
eters are used as color-measuring instruments, determine the
pigment in the beaker carefully
...