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ASTM C1070-01(2007)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering

Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of alumina or quartz using laser light scattering instrumentation in the range from 0.1 to 500 m.
1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be applied to other nonplastic ceramic powders. It is at the discretion of the user to determine the method's applicability.
1.3 This test method applies to analysis using aqueous dispersions.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 Quartz has been classified by IARC as a Group I carcinogen. For specific hazard information in handling this material, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
81.060.10 - Raw materials
Technical Committee
C28 - Advanced Ceramics
Drafting Committee
C28.03 - Physical Properties and Non-Destructive Evaluation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1070-01 - Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Replaced By
ASTM C1070-01(2014) - Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM F1538-03(2017) - Standard Specification for Glass and Glass Ceramic Biomaterials for Implantation
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM C1070-01(2007) - Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light ScatteringASTM C1070-01(2007) - Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering
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ASTM C1070-01(2007) - Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1070 − 01(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz
by Laser Light Scattering
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1070; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope wavelength of the incident light. The real and the imaginary
indices of light diffraction are needed.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle
2.1.4 multiple scattering,—the rescattering of light by a
size distribution of alumina or quartz using laser light scatter-
particle in the path of light scattered by another particle. This
ing instrumentation in the range from 0.1 to 500 µm.
may occur in heavy concentrations of a particle dispersion.
1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be
applied to other nonplastic ceramic powders. It is at the
3. Summary of Test Method
discretion of the user to determine the method’s applicability.
3.1 A sample dispersed in an aqueous medium is circulated
1.3 This test method applies to analysis using aqueous through the path of a light beam.As the particles pass through
the light beam, the particles scatter light at angles inversely
dispersions.
proportional to their size and with an intensity directly propor-
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
tional to their size. Detectors collect the scattered light which
tions and equipment. This standard does not purport to address
is converted to electrical signals and analyzed in a micropro-
all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
cessor. The signal is converted to size distribution using
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
Fraunhofer Diffraction or Mie Scattering, or a combination of
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
both. The scattering information is then processed, assuming
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the particles to be spherical, using algorithms or models
1.5 Quartz has been classified by IARC as a Group I
proprietary to the particular instrument manufacturer. Calcu-
carcinogen. For specific hazard information in handling this
lated particle size distributions are presented as equivalent
material, see the supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet.
spherical diameters.
2. Terminology
4. Significance and Use
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.1 It is important to recognize that the results obtained by
2.1.1 background,—extraneous scattering of light by ele-
this method or any other method for particle size distribution
ments other than the particles to be measured. This includes
utilizing different physical principles may disagree.The results
scattering by contamination in the measurement zone.
are strongly influenced by the physical principles employed by
2.1.2 Fraunhofer Diffraction,—the optical theory that de- each method of particle size analysis. The results of any
scribes the low-angle scattering of light by particles that are particle sizing method should be used only in a relative sense,
large compared to the wavelength of the incident light. and should not be regarded as absolute when comparing results
obtained by other methods.
2.1.3 Mie Scattering,—the complex electromagnetic theory
that describes the scattering of light by spherical particles. It is 4.2 Light scattering theory that is used for determination of
usually applied to particles with diameters that are close to the particle size has been available for many years. Several
manufacturers of testing equipment have units based on these
principles.Although each type of testing equipment utilizes the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on
same basic principles for light scattering as a function of
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.03 on
particle size, different assumptions pertinent to applications of
Physical Properties and Non-Destructive Evaluation.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C1070-01. DOI: Muly, E. C., Frock, H. W., “Industrial Particle Size Measurement Using Light
10.1520/C1070-01R07. Scattering,” Optical Engineering, 19[6], pp. 861–69 (1990).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1070 − 01 (2007)
the theory and different models for converting light measure- material being analyzed and the amount of mixing and ultra-
ments to particle size may lead to different results for each sound available for each particular particle size analyzer
instrument. Therefore, the use of this test method cannot system.
guarantee directly comparable results from the various manu-
8. Calibration and Standardization
facturers’ instruments.
8.1 Performance of the instrument is defined by the spacing
4.3 Manufacturers and purchasers of alumina and quartz
and position of the optical components. Refer to the manufac-
will find the method useful to determine particle size distribu-
turer’s instruction manual.
tions for materials specifications, manufacturing control, and
research and development.
8.2 Diagnostic materials should be available from the in-
strument manufacturer to ensure consistent instrument func-
5. Interferences
tioning.
5.1 Air bubbles entrained in the circulating fluid will scatter
8.3 Since no absolute standards are available for particle
light and then be reported as particles. Circulating fluids do not
size analysis, it is recommended that one should develop a
require degassing, but should be bubble-free upon visual
secondary reference material to assist in evaluating and opti-
inspection.
mizing instrument performance.
5.2 Reagglomeration or settling of particles during analyses
9. Procedure
may cause erroneous results. Stable dispersions shall be
maintained throughout the analyses.To determine if stability is 9.1 Allow the instrument to warm up for the time recom-
present, make multiple runs on the same sample and observe if
mended by the instrument manufacturer.
...

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Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is important to recognize that the results obtained by this method or any other method for particle size distribution utilizing different physical principles may disagree. The results are strongly influenced by the physical principles employed by each method of particle size analysis. The results of any particle sizing method should be used only in a relative sense, and should not be regarded as absolute when comparing results obtained by other methods.  
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