ASTM F3116/F3116M-23

Standard Specification for Design Loads and Conditions

ABSTRACT
This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes, and is applicable to small airplanes as defined in the F44 terminology standard. The applicant for a design approval must seek individual guidance from their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness requirements for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term airplane is used throughout this specification and will mean “small airplane.”  
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.  
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units. In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units are as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units followed by Imperial units in square brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Mar-2023
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: F44 - General Aviation Aircraft
• Drafting Committee: F44.30 - Structures

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F3116/F3116M-23a - Standard Specification for Design Loads and Conditions
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM F3060-20 - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM F3060-16a - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016
• Refers: ASTM F3060-16 - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2016
• Refers: ASTM F3060-15b - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM F3060-15a - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-May-2015
• Refers: ASTM F3060-15 - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Refers: ASTM F3060-14 - Standard Terminology for Aircraft
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Referred By: ASTM F3232/F3232M-23a - Standard Specification for Flight Controls in Small Aircraft
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3061/F3061M-23b - Standard Specification for Systems and Equipment in Aircraft
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3396/F3396M-23a - Standard Practice for Aircraft Simplified Loads Criteria
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3116/F3116M − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Design Loads and Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3116/F3116M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness require- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
ments for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.
F3331 Practice for Aircraft Water Loads
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as
F3396/F3396M Practice for Aircraft Simplified Loads Cri-
defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term
teria
airplane is used throughout this specification and will mean
3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
“small airplane.”
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility,
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek individual
Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amend-
guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use
ment 62)
of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information
4
2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency Regulations:
on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard
Certification Specifications for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic,
(in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small
and Commuter Category Aeroplanes (CS-23, Amendment
Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the
3)
Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/
Certification Specifications for Very Light Aeroplanes (CS-
COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.
VLA, Amendment 1)
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units.
3. Terminology
In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units
are as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and sym-
future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units
bols related to aircraft covered by ASTM Committees F37 and
followed by Imperial units in square brackets. The values
F44 airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminol-
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
ogy F3060. Items listed below are more specific to this
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
standard.
ing values from the two systems may result in non-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conformance with the standard.
3.2.1 chordwise, n—directed, moving, or placed along the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chord of an airfoil section.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 downwash, n—the downward deflection of an air-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
stream by an aircraft wing.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.3 flight envelope, n—any combination of airspeed and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
load factor on and within the boundaries of a flight envelope
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
that represents the envelope of the flight loading conditions
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specified by the maneuvering and gust criteria.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.2.4 flight load factor, n—represents the ratio of the aero-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical dynamic force component (acting normal to the assumed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on the ASTM website.
3
Structures. Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,
Current edition approved March 15, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
ɛ2 4
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F3116/F3116M – 18 . Available from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Postfach 10 12 53,
DOI: 10.1520/F3116_F3116M-23. D-50452 Cologne, Germany, https://www.easa.europa.eu/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´2
Designation: F3116/F3116M − 18 F3116/F3116M − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Design Loads and Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3116/F3116M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section reference in 6.3.1.1 was corrected editorially in February 2020.
2
ε NOTE—Fig. X1.2 and Fig. X1.3 images were interchanged editorially in January 2021.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness requirements for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term airplane is used
throughout this specification and will mean “small airplane.”
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use of this
standard as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard (in whole
or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to
ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units. In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units are
as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units followed
by Imperial units in square brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
F3331 Practice for Aircraft Water Loads
F3396/F3396M Practice for Aircraft Simplified Loads Criteria
3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amendment 62)
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on Structures.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018March 15, 2023. Published December 2018June 2023. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 20152018
ɛ2
as F3116/F3116MF3116/F3116M – 18 –15. DOI: 10.1520/F3116_F3116M–18E02. DOI: 10.1520/F3116_F3116M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3116/F3116M − 23
4
2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency Regulations:
Certification Specifications for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aeroplanes (CS-23, Amendment 3)
Certification Specifications for Very Light Aeroplanes (CS-VLA, Amendment 1)
3. Terminology
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols related to aircraft covered by ASTM Committees F37 and F44
airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminology F3060. Items listed below are more specific to this standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 chordwise, n—directed, moving, or placed along the chord of an airfoil section.
3.2.2 downwash, n—the downward de
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3116/F3116M − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Design Loads and Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3116/F3116M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification addresses the airworthiness require-
F3060 Terminology for Aircraft
ments for the design loads and conditions of small airplanes.
F3331 Practice for Aircraft Water Loads
1.2 This specification is applicable to small airplanes as
F3396/F3396M Practice for Aircraft Simplified Loads Cri-
defined in the F44 terminology standard. Use of the term
teria
airplane is used throughout this specification and will mean
3
2.2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations:
“small airplane.”
14 CFR Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility,
1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek individual
Aerobatic and Commuter Category Airplanes (Amend-
guidance from their respective CAA body concerning the use
ment 62)
of this standard as part of a certification plan. For information
4
2.3 European Aviation Safety Agency Regulations:
on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this standard
Certification Specifications for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic,
(in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small
and Commuter Category Aeroplanes (CS-23, Amendment
Airplane Airworthiness Rules (hereinafter referred to as “the
3)
Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/
Certification Specifications for Very Light Aeroplanes (CS-
COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.
VLA, Amendment 1)
1.4 Units—Currently there is a mix of SI and Imperial units.
3. Terminology
In many locations, SI units have been included otherwise units
are as they appear in Amendment 62 of 14 CFR Part 23. In a
3.1 A listing of terms, abbreviations, acronyms, and sym-
future revision values will be consistently stated in SI units
bols related to aircraft covered by ASTM Committees F37 and
followed by Imperial units in square brackets. The values
F44 airworthiness design standards can be found in Terminol-
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
ogy F3060. Items listed below are more specific to this
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
standard.
ing values from the two systems may result in non-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conformance with the standard.
3.2.1 chordwise, n—directed, moving, or placed along the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chord of an airfoil section.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 downwash, n—the downward deflection of an air-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
stream by an aircraft wing.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.3 flight envelope, n—any combination of airspeed and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
load factor on and within the boundaries of a flight envelope
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
that represents the envelope of the flight loading conditions
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specified by the maneuvering and gust criteria.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.2.4 flight load factor, n—represents the ratio of the aero-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical dynamic force component (acting normal to the assumed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F44 on General Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aviation Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F44.30 on the ASTM website.
3
Structures. Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St.,
Current edition approved March 15, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally NW, Washington, DC 20401, http://www.gpo.gov.
ɛ2 4
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F3116/F3116M – 18 . Available from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Postfach 10 12 53,
DOI: 10.1520/F3116_F3116M-23. D-50452 Cologne, Germany, https://www.easa.europa.eu/.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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