ASTM D2906-97

Standard Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles

SCOPE
1.1 This practice serves as a guide for using the information obtained as directed in Practice D2904 to prepare statements on precision and bias in ASTM methods prepared by Committee D-13. The manual on form and style for standards specifies that statements on precision and bias be included in test methods.  Committee D-13 recommends at least a statement about single-operator precision in test methods. Whenever applicable, a statement on precision based on values from a statistical analysis of interlaboratory data is expected in tentative methods proposed for adoption as standard.  
1.2 The preparation of statements on precision and bias requires a general knowledge of statistical principles including the use of components of variance estimated from an analysis of variance. Instructions covering such calculations are available in Practice D2904 or in any standard text (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).  
1.3 The instructions in this practice are specifically applicable to test methods in which test results are based ( ) on the measurement of variables, ( ) on the number of successes or failures in the specified number of observations, ( ) on the number of defects or incidents counted in a specified interval or in a specified amount of material, and ( ) on the presence or absence of an attribute in a test result (a go, no-go test). Instructions are also included for methods of test for which precision has not yet been estimated or for which precision and accuracy have been reported in another method of test. For observations based on the measurement of variables, the instructions of this practice specifically apply to test results that are the arithmetic average of individual observations. With qualified assistance, the same general principles can be applied to test results that are based on other functions of the data such as standard deviations.  
1.4 This standard includes the following sections:  Section No. Attributes, Statements Based on 15 Binomial Distributions, Calculations for 9 Binomial Distributions, Statements Based on 13 Categories of Data 7 Computer Preparation of Statements Based on Normal or Trans- 12 formed Data Normal Distributions and Transformed Data, Calculations for 8 Normal Distributions and Transformed Data, Statements Based on 11 Poisson Distributions, Calculations for 10 Poisson Distributions, Statements Based on 14 Precision and Bias Based on Other Methods 16 Precision Not Established, Statements When 17 Ratings, Statements Based on Special Cases of 18 Sources of Data 6 Statistical Data in Two Sections of Methods 5 Significance and Use 4

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-1997
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2906-97(2002) - Standard Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6479-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Edgecomb Resistance of Woven Fabrics Used in Inflatable Restraints
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2256/D2256M-21 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2860/D2860M-18 - Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape to Fiberboard at 90° Angle and Constant Stress
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D5587-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D1388-23 - Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D5848-20 - Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4851-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3883-04(2020) - Standard Test Method for Yarn Crimp and Yarn Take-up in Woven Fabrics
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6797-15 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D737-18(2023) - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3886-22 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM C831-18 - Standard Test Methods for Residual Carbon, Apparent Residual Carbon, and Apparent Carbon Yield in Coked Carbon-Containing Brick and Shapes
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997
• Referred By: ASTM C181-11(2018) - Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2906 – 97
Standard Practice for
1
Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2906; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Work was begun in August 1966 on recommendations for statements on precision and accuracy. The
first recommendations were issued as ASTMD-13 White Paper, Statements on Precision and Accuracy,
MARK I, December 1968, prepared by Subcommittee C-6 on Editorial Policy and Review. After a
decision that the recommendations should be a recommended practice under the responsibility of
Subcommittee D13.93, Sampling, Presentation and Interpretation of Data, the recommendations were
revised and published as Practice D 2906 – 70 T.
Information was added in Practice D 2906 – 73 on methods (1) for which precision has not been
established, (2) for which test results are not variables, and (3) for which statements are based on
another method. Practice D 2906 – 74 was expanded to include test methods in which test results are
based on the number of successes or failures in a specified number of observations or on the number
of defects or instances counted in a specified interval of time or in a specified amount of material. The
present text provides for a nontechnical summary at the beginning of recommended texts based on
normal distributions or on transformed data and for a more positive statement on accuracy when the
true value of a property can be defined only in terms of a test method.
In 1984, changes were introduced to replace the term “accuracy” with “bias” as directed in the May
1983 edition of Form and Style for ASTM Standards.
1. Scope the use of components of variance estimated from an analysis
of variance. Instructions covering such calculations are avail-
1.1 This practice serves as a guide for using the information
able in Practice D 2904 or in any standard text (1,2,3,4, and
obtained as directed in Practice D 2904 or obtained by other
3
5).
statistical techniques from other distributions, to prepare state-
1.3 The instructions in this practice are specifically appli-
ments on precision and bias in ASTM methods prepared by
cable to test methods in which test results are based ( 1)onthe
Committee D-13. The manual on form and style for standards
measurement of variables, (2) on the number of successes or
specifies that statements on precision and bias be included in
2
failures in the specified number of observations, (3)onthe
test methods. Committee D-13 recommends at least a state-
number of defects or incidents counted in a specified interval or
ment about single-operator precision in any new test method,
in a specified amount of material, and ( 4) on the presence or
or any test method not containing a precision statement that is
absence of an attribute in a test result (a go, no-go test).
put forward for 5-year approval, in both instances with a
Instructions are also included for methods of test for which
complete statement at the next reapproval. If a provisional test
precision has not yet been estimated or for which precision and
method is proposed, at least a statement on single-operator
accuracy have been reported in another method of test. For
precision is expected.
observations based on the measurement of variables, the
1.2 The preparation of statements on precision and bias
instructions of this practice specifically apply to test results that
requires a general knowledge of statistical principles including
are the arithmetic average of individual observations. With
qualified assistance, the same general principles can be applied
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles
to test results that are based on other functions of the data such
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.93 on Statistics.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published August 1998 . Originally as standard deviations.
published as D 2906 – 70 T. Last previous edition D 2906 – 91.
2
Form and Style for ASTM Standards, May 1983, available from American
3
Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
19428. this practice.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2906
1.4 This standard inc
...