ASTM D7189-12(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Relative Mileage of News Ink on Newsprint
Standard Test Method for Relative Mileage of News Ink on Newsprint
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Ink mileage on a production press is of economic importance of the user of printing inks, the lower the mileage figure, the less ink is required to produce a job. This test method provides a procedure by which news inks can be assessed for mileage or newsprint stocks for ink receptivity in the laboratory.
5.2 Because of the many variables that exist among laboratory and production presses, this test method is apt to yield more meaningful information when results are expressed on a relative rather than an absolute basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory procedure for determining the relative mileage of news inks on newsprint. The test method utilizes a proofing press, analytical balance and a reflection densitometer.
1.2 This test method is intended for black oil-based news inks that dry by penetration (that is, letterpress or web offset) and for which a suitable reference standard is available. With appropriate optical instrumentation, it is also applicable to colored news inks.
1.3 This test method may also be used to determine the relative ink receptivity of test newsprints versus a reference standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7189 − 12 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Relative Mileage of News Ink on Newsprint
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7189; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Paperboard (Withdrawn 2010)
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory procedure for
for Testing
determining the relative mileage of news inks on newsprint.
D5039 Test Methods for Identification ofWire Side of Paper
The test method utilizes a proofing press, analytical balance
(Withdrawn 2009)
and a reflection densitometer.
D7305 Test Method for Reflection Density of Printed Matter
1.2 This test method is intended for black oil-based news
inks that dry by penetration (that is, letterpress or web offset)
3. Terminology
and for which a suitable reference standard is available. With
3.1 Definitions:
appropriate optical instrumentation, it is also applicable to
3.1.1 ink mileage, n—weight per unit area of ink required to
colored news inks.
achieve a given reflection density, laboratory units are g/m .
1.3 This test method may also be used to determine the
3.1.2 ink receptivity, n—weight per unit area of ink required
relative ink receptivity of test newsprints versus a reference
to achieve a target reflection density when comparing different
standard.
newsprint stocks, units are g/m .
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.3 news ink, n—a pigmented paste composition that is
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
applied to newsprint by printing machinery.
only.
3.1.4 newsprint, n—paper substrate made from wood pulp
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
used chiefly for printing newspapers.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 reflection density, n—the light absorbing ability of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
material, expressed as the logarithm of the reciprocal of the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
reflectance factor (that is, higher reflection density indicates
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
more light is absorbed).
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2 Symbols:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
A = weight of inked plate after printing, g
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
B = weight of inked plate before printing, g
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
C = coverage (weight of ink) on the print, g
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C = C required to achieve the target reflection density, g
T
D = reflection density
M = mileage of an ink, or ink receptivity of a paper, g/m
2. Referenced Documents
S = printed area on the paper specimen, cm
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D528 Test Method for Machine Direction of Paper and
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Laboratory prints of the test news ink on the designated
newsprint are made at various ink film weights giving reflec-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
tion densities that span the target value.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.
4.2 The weight of ink on the print corresponding to the
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved
target density is determined graphically or by regression
in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7189 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/
D7189-12R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contactASTM Customer Service as service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7189 − 12 (2020)
analysis. The resulting value for mileage, expressed as g/m ,is 8. Hazards
compared to that obtained with the reference news ink tested in
8.1 Warning—Since solvents may be hazardous to the skin
the identical fashion.
and eyes, wear rubber gloves and safety glasses during cleanup
4.3 When the test method is used to compare different to avoid solvent contact with skin and eyes. See suppliers
newsprint stocks with a reference newsprint, the relationship is Material Safety Data Sheets for further information on each
called ink receptivity. solvent used.
5. Significance and Use 9. Test Specimen
5.1 Ink mileage on a production press is of economic 9.1 Less than one gram of news ink is sufficient to make the
importance of the user of printing inks, the lower the mileage required 4 to 6 prints for a mileage or ink receptivity test.
figure, the less ink is required to produce a job. This test Before removing the ink specimen from a container, insert a
method provides a procedure by which news inks can be spatula and hand stir thoroughly, taking care that air bubbles
assessed for mileage or newsprint stocks for ink receptivity in are not introduced.
the laboratory.
9.2 For each mileage or ink receptivity test, prepare 6
5.2 Because of the many variables that exist among labora- newsprint specimens by cutting the paper to the size appropri-
tory and production presses, this test method is apt to yield ate for the print maker; see guidelines in Table 1. The longer
more meaningful information when results are expressed on a dimension should preferably be in the machine direction,
relative rather than an absolute basis. which can be determined by Test Method D528. Determine the
felt and wire side of the newsprint byTest Methods D5039 and
6. Apparatus
mark on each specimen. Unless otherwise specified, the felt
side will be the printing side.
6.1 Laboratory Print Maker, preferably a motor driven
printability tester capable of setting print pressure and having
NOTE 2—When handling the test newsprint, be careful not to touch the
surface with bare fingers, as localized changes in absorbency may result.
a readily removable printing plate that can be accommodated
on an analytical balance.
10. Conditioning
6.2 Printing Plate, typically a solid-faced disk composed of
10.1 The adsorbency properties of paper and ink are highly
aluminum, rubber-covered aluminum, or rubber-covered ny-
sensitive to relative humidity and temperature. For these
lon. Resulting prints are about 3.5 to 5 cm wide and 20 cm (1 ⁄2
reasons, reproducible printing requires that the test and refer-
by 8 in.) long.
ence samples be conditioned at the same conditions; Practice
6.3 Analytical Balance—Accurate to 0 .0001 g with mini-
D685 specifies 50 6 2 % relative humidity and 23 6 1.0°C
mum 160 g capacity to accommodate the typical disc in 6.2.
temperature.
6.4 Reflection Densitometer—Conforming to Test Method
D7305.
11. Prepare the Print Maker
NOTE 1—The filter systems in typical densitometers are suitable only
11.1 Preset the operating conditions of the laboratory print
for use with black, white, and the three process colors (yellow, magenta
maker. Typical for newsprint are a printing pressure of 650 N,
and cyan).
a printing speed of 0.2 m/s and a temperature of 25°C.
6.5 Tongs or Rubber Gloves (without powder)—For han-
11.2 Set the composition roller of the distribution system in
dling the printing plate.
pla
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