ASTM D1403-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment
Standard Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are applicable to greases of National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) consistency numbers 0 to 4 and is intended for use only where the size of the sample prevents the use of Test Methods D 217.
Actual reduced-scale penetration values are not used or reported. They are converted to full-scale penetration values (see Sections 9 and 10). This test method is not intended to replace the full-scale penetration as described in Test Methods D 217. Precision is better in the full-scale penetration method.
Worked penetration results, after conversion to full-scale values, may be used to establish the consistency of lubricating greases within the above NLGI consistency numbers. The results obtained from these test methods are widely used for specification purposes, however, no correlation with field performance has been established.
Unworked penetration results provide a means of evaluating the effect of storage conditions on grease consistency.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuring the consistency of small samples of lubricating greases by penetration of a 1/4-scale cone or a 1/2-scale cone. These test methods include procedures for the measurement of unworked and worked penetrations.
1.2 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting lubricating greases.
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. In the United States, the equipment dimensions stated in inches are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D1403–02
Designation: 310/84(92)
Standard Test Methods for
Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter
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and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1403; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope IP 50 Method of Testing for Cone Penetration of Lubricat-
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ing Grease
1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuring
the consistency of small samples of lubricating greases by
3. Terminology
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penetration of a ⁄4-scale cone or a ⁄2-scale cone. These test
3.1 Definitions:
methods include procedures for the measurement of unworked
3.1.1 consistency, n—of lubricating grease, the degree of
and worked penetrations.
resistance to movement under stress.
1.2 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The term consistency is used some-
consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked
what synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency
penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting
refers to the worked penetration of a grease. D 217
lubricating greases.
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.Inthe
D 4175
United States, the equipment dimensions stated in inches are to
3.1.3 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
be regarded as the standard.
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerformsa
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
imparting special properties are often included. D 217
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 penetrometer, n—an instrument that measures the
2. Referenced Documents consistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials by
measuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle under
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a given force falls into the material.
D 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
2 3.1.4.1 Discussion—In these test methods, either a one-
Grease
quarter scale cone (A1.1) or a one-half scale cone (A1.3) can
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
3 be used to determine the consistency of lubricating greases.
Products, and Lubricants
The penetration forces are determined by the respective masses
2.2 IP Standard:
of the cones and shafts.
3.1.5 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
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posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
to form the product’s structure.
D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease. In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The thickener can be fibers (such as
of the Standardization Committee. This test method has been approved by the
various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
sponsoring committee and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with
non-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at the most, only
established procedures.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originally
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 1403–97.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. IP Methods for Analysis and Testing available from 61 New Cavendish St.,
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. London, England WIM 8AR.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1403–02
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very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general 6.2 ⁄4-Scale Cone and Shaft, as specified in A1.1.
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requirements are that the solid particles be extremely small, 6.3 ⁄4-Scale Grease Worker, as specified in A1.2.
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uniformlydispersed,andcapableofformingarelativelystable, 6.4 ⁄2-Scale Cone and Shaft, as specified in A1.3.
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gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D 217 6.5 ⁄2-Scale Grease Worker, as specified in A1.4.
3.2
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