ASTM D3512/D3512M-10(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and de...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511, D3514, and D4970.
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3512/D3512M − 10(Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3512/D3512M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
Methods
1.1 This test method covers the resistance to the formation
D4970 TestMethodforPillingResistanceandOtherRelated
of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics
Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester
using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is
F104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materi-
generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel
als
fabrics.
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles,
12-435120-00 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random
refer to Test Methods D3511, D3514, and D4970.
Tumble Pilling Test
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin
3. Terminology
may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the
silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test
chamber and cause erroneous results.
Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:fuzz,
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
pilling resistance, pills.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
nology D123.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. 4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fuzzing, that occur in normal wear are simulated on a labora-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tory testing machine. Pills are caused to form on fabric by a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
random rubbing action produced by tumbling specimens in a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cylindrical test chamber lined with a mildly abrasive material.
Toformpillswithappearanceandstructurethatresemblethose
2. Referenced Documents
produced in actual wear, small amounts of short-length gray
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cotton fiber are added to each test chamber with the specimens.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparison of the
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
tested specimens with visual standards that may be actual
D3511 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related fabrics, or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling
Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using
D3514 TestMethodforPillingResistanceandOtherRelated an arbitrary rating scale.
Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
5. Significance and Use
1 5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, resistancetopillingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetesting.
Specific.
If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published August 2010. Originally
caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In
ε1
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3512 – 10 . DOI:
some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a
10.1520/D3512-10R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3512/D3512M − 10 (2014)
commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the 5.5 This test method is applicable to a wide variety of
best available test method, even though the test method is not woven and knitted fabrics that vary in pilling propensity as a
recommended for acceptance testing. result of variations in fiber, yarn and fabric structure, and
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be- finish.
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
6. Apparatus and Materials
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
6.1 Random Tumble Pilling Tester (Fig. 1):
assistance.As a minimum, the test samples should be used that
6.1.1 Cork Cylinder Liners, about 146 mm [5.75 in.] wide
are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from
by 452 mm [17.81 in] long cut from 1.5-mm [.063-in.] thick
which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly
flat sheets of Type P2117A material conforming to Classifica-
assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other
tion System F104, Appendix X1. The original surface of the
materials with established test values may be used for this
liner, produced by slicing the material, should be used without
purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be
any further treatment such as sanding. Store liners in original
compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
packaging in a cool, dry place.
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
6.1.2 Air Injection Device to give 14-21 kPa [2-3 psi] air
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
pressure in each test chamber, either included in new testers or
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
a modification to older testers.
bias.
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property
Apparatus and accessories are commercially available.
because it is affected by many factors which may include type
of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric
construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing
method. Testing before refurbishing may be adviseable. The
pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more
with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in
replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory
tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting
levels of acceptability for any series of standards.
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and
depend on the presence of lint and degree of color contrast.
These factors are not evaluated when pilling is rated solely on
the number of pills. The development of pills may be accom-
panied by other surface phenomena such as loss of cover, color
change, or the development of fuzz. Since the overall accept-
ability of a specific fabric is dependent on both the character-
istics of the pills and the other factors affecting surface
appearance, it is suggested that fabrics tested in the laboratory
be evaluated subjectively with regard to their acceptability and
not rated solely on the number of pills developed. A series of
standards, based on graduated degrees of surface change of the
fabric type being tested, may be set up to provide a basis for
subjective ratings. The visual standards are most advantageous
when the laboratory test specimens correlate closely in appear-
ance with worn fabrics and show a similar ratio of pills to fuzz.
Counting the pills and weighing their number with respect to
their size and contrast, as a combined measure of pilling
resistance, is not recommended because of the excessive time
required for counting, sizing, and calculating.
5.4 The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparing
the tested specimens with visual standards, which may be
actual fabrics or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of
pilling resistance.The observed resistance to pilling is reported
on an arbitrary scale ranging from 5 (no pilling) to 1 (very
severe pilling). FIG. 1 Random Tumble Piling Tester
D3512/D3512M − 10 (2014)
6.2 Adhesive , white all-purpose, for sealing edges of speci- 8. Sampling
mens (see 7.1).
8.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider rolls of fabric or
6.3 Plastic Bottle, with dispensing spout and cap, for use
fabric components of fabricated systems to be the primary
with diluted adhesive. sampling unit, as applicable.
6.4 VacuumCleaner,homecanistertype,tocleanspecimens
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
after testing.
amongrolls,bolts,orpiecesoffabricandamongspecimensfromaswatch
6.5 Cotton Sliver, 4301 tex [approximately 73 Grain
of fabric from a roll, bolt, or piece, or between cartons of garments and
Count], U.S. upland cotton with a micronaire range of 3.8-4.2
among garments within a carton, to provide a sampling plan with a
meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and
with a minimum staple length range of 1.08-1.10 in. (or 35/32
limiting quality level.
in., no metric conversion) measured by USDA High Volume
Instrument Classification.
8.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—From each primary sam-
pling unit take one full-width piece of fabric that is1m[1yd]
6.6 Apparatus for Fabric Evaluation—Facilities for illumi-
in length along the selvage (machine direction), after first
nation (cool white fluorescent tube) and simultaneous viewing
removing a 1 m [1 yd] length. For fabric components of
of test specimen and fabric or photograph rating standards.
fabricated systems use the entire system.
Apparatus and options for visual evaluation are listed in Table
8.2.1 For acceptance testing of garments, take one garment
1.
from each carton (see Note 2).
6.7 Standard In-House Pilling Test Fabric, having an estab-
lished pilling resistance rating for checking machine perfor-
9. Test Specimens: Selection, Number, and Preparation
mance. No universal standard fabric is available. Each test
9.1 Samples may be washed or dry cleaned before cutting
facility must decide on an appropriate fabric.
the test specimens, using conditions appropriate for the fabric
6.8 Rating Standards:
end use or conditions agreed upon by all interested parties.
6.8.1 Fabric—A series of tested specimens of a specific
9.2 Cut specimens in squares 105 mm [4.13 in.] on the bias
fabrictypewhichshowsdegreeofpillingorotherdistortion,or
at an approximate 0.78 rad [45°] angle to the warp (wale) and
both, for each type of fabric to be tested. Store the fabric rating
filling (course) directions.
standards and handle them under conditions that will preserve
9.2.1 Take three specimens from each laboratory unit. Take
their original form and appearance.
the specimens evenly spaced across the width of the laboratory
6.8.2 Photographic— A set of five photographs, 105-mm
sample or from three different panels in a garment. Specimens
square [4.13 in.], numbered 1 to 5 illustrating varying degrees
should be staggered in such a manner that no two specimens
of pilling from “very severe pilling” to “no pilling” such as
contain the same yarns. Avoid areas with wrinkles and other
Adjunct D3512. The photos should have a dull matte finish
distortions. Unless otherwise specified, do not cut specimens
and be of the same size as the tested specimen.
nearer the selvage than one tenth the width of the fabric.
6.8.3 Digital Imaging or Rating System, or both.
6.9 Facilities for Laundering Samples—If needed. 9.3 Mark replicate specimens in one corner on the face of
the fabric with the appropriate number 1, 2, or 3.
6.10 Facilities for Dry Cleaning Samples—If needed.
9.4 If loosely woven specimens fray when applying identi-
7. Hazardous Materials
fication markings, cut the specimens with sides parallel to the
7.1 Adhesives used in this test method may be hazardous.
warpandfillingandravelthesidesnomorethan5mm[0.2in.]
Refer to the manufacturer’s material safety data sheets for on each side, leaving the fringe.
information on use, handling, storage, and disposal of these
9.5 Seal the edges of all specimens to a width not exceeding
products.
3 mm [0.13 in.] on the face of the fabric with adhesive. Hang
the specimens on racks until dry, and in any case for at least 2
Cotton dyed to a medium gray shade before carding using a colorfast reactive
h.
black dye and standard reactive dyeing procedure. Cotton sliver is available
commercially.
NOTE 3—Full-strength adhesive or any dilution down to 1 part adhesive
with 1 part water may be used (see 7.1). Pressing the adhesive into the
specimen face may be accomplished using the dispensing nozzle in a
TABLE 1 Viewing Apparatus and Options
closed configuration. The rounded end of a glass stirring rod works well,
Apparatus Specimen Preparation
also, but caution should be used to prevent breakage and possible injury
A
ASTM Lightbox (Fig. 1) 0.78 rad [45°]
B from broken glass.
Lightbox 0.78 rad [45°]
B
NOTE 4—Although the use of glued or not glued specimens is
Lightbox flat
B
acceptable, the measurements should not be compared.
Lightbox critical angle
As determined by the buyer and supplier
A
The source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is
10. Preparation of Apparatus
Standard Scientific Supply Co., 601 West Market Street, Bethlehem, PA
18018–5208. If you are aware of alternate suppliers, please provide this informa- 10.1 Fit a cork liner snugly around the inside of a cleaned
tion to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
test chamber with an unused cork surface facing the rotor
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
B blades.Thesideagainstthechambermayormaynothavebeen
Available commercially.
used. To eliminate any tendency for the liner to rotate, tape the
D3512/D3512M − 10 (2014)
outside edge of the liner to the chamber wall at the butt joint 12.5 In the course of the run, check each test chamber at
with a short piece of 25-mm [1-in.] wide masking tape. frequent interval
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´2
Designation: D3512/D3512M − 10 D3512/D3512M − 10 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of
Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3512/D3512M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Reference to E104 in 6.1.1 was corrected editorially to F104 in September 2010. Also, Fig. 2 was updated to
correctly show SI units with in./lb units in brackets.
ε NOTE—Reference to Classification System F104, Appendix X2 in 6.1.1 was corrected to Appendex X1 in June 2011.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the
random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.
NOTE 1—For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511, D3514, and D4970.
1.2 Some fabrics that have been treated with a silicone resin may not be satisfactorily tested by this procedure because the
silicone resin may transfer onto the cork liners in the test chamber and cause erroneous results.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3511 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling Tester
D3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric Pad
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
D4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester
F104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
12-435120-00 Set of 5 Photographic Standards for Random Tumble Pilling Test
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: fuzz, pilling resistance, pills.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Pilling and other changes in surface appearance, such as fuzzing, that occur in normal wear are simulated on a laboratory
testing machine. Pills are caused to form on fabric by a random rubbing action produced by tumbling specimens in a cylindrical
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010July 1, 2014. Published August 2010. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20072010 as
ε1
D3512 – 07.D3512 – 10 . DOI: 10.1520/D3512-10E01.10.1520/D3512-10R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD3512.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3512/D3512M − 10 (2014)
test chamber lined with a mildly abrasive material. To form pills with appearance and structure that resemble those produced in
actual wear, small amounts of short-length gray cotton fiber are added to each test chamber with the specimens. The degree of
fabric pilling is evaluated by comparison of the tested specimens with visual standards that may be actual fabrics, or photographs
of fabrics, showing a range of pilling resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported using an arbitrary rating scale.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If
it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases
the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test
method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative
tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a
minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate
test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established
test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected,
or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors which may include type of
fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, fabric finishing treatments and refurbishing method. Testing before
refurbishing may be adviseable. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of
use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be
borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for any series of standards.
5.3 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and depend on the presence of lint and degree of color contrast. These factors
are not evaluated when pilling is rated solely on the number of pills. The development of pills may be accompanied by other
surface phenomena such as loss of cover, color change, or the development of fuzz. Since the overall acceptability of a specific
fabric is dependent on both the characteristics of the pills and the other factors affecting surface appearance, it is suggested that
fabrics tested in the laboratory be evaluated subjectively with regard to their acceptability and not rated solely on the number of
pills developed. A series of standards, based on graduated degrees of surface change of the fabric type being tested, may be set
up to provide a basis for subjective ratings. The visual standards are most advantageous when the laboratory test specimens
correlate closely in appearance with worn fabrics and show a similar ratio of pills to fuzz. Counting the pills and weighing their
number with respect to their size and contrast, as a combined measure of pilling resistance, is not recommended because of the
excessive time required for counting, sizing, and calculating.
5.4 The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparing the tested specimens with visual standards, which may be actual
fabrics or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported on an
arbitrary scale ranging from 5 (no pilling) to 1 (very severe pilling).
5.5 This test method is applicable to a wide variety of woven and knitted fabrics that vary in pilling propensity as a result of
variations in fiber, yarn and fabric structure, and finish.
6. Apparatus and Materials
6.1 Random Tumble Pilling Tester (Fig. 1):
6.1.1 Cork Cylinder Liners, about 146 mm [5.75 in.] wide by 452 mm [17.81 in] long cut from 1.5-mm [.063-in.] thick flat
sheets of Type P2117A material conforming to Classification System F104, Appendix X1. The original surface of the liner,
produced by slicing the material, should be used without any further treatment such as sanding. Store liners in original packaging
in a cool, dry place.
6.1.2 Air Injection Device to give 14-21 kPa [2-3 psi] air pressure in each test chamber, either included in new testers or a
modification to older testers.
6.2 Adhesive ,white all-purpose, for sealing edges of specimens (see 7.1).
6.3 Plastic Bottle, with dispensing spout and cap, for use with diluted adhesive.
6.4 Vacuum Cleaner, home canister type, to clean specimens after testing.
6.5 Cotton Sliver, 4301 tex [approximately 73 Grain Count], U.S. upland cotton with a micronaire range of 3.8-4.2 with a
minimum staple length range of 1.08-1.10 in. (or 35/32 in., no metric conversion) measured by USDA High Volume Instrument
Classification.
Apparatus and accessories are commercially available.
Cotton dyed to a medium gray shade before carding using a colorfast reactive black dye and standard reactive dyeing procedure. Cotton sliver is available commercially.
D3512/D3512M − 10 (2014)
FIG. 1 Random Tumble Piling Tester
6.6 Apparatus for Fabric Evaluation—Facilities for illumination (cool white fluorescent tube) and simultaneous viewing of test
specimen and fabric or photograph rating standards. Apparatus and options for visual evaluation are listed in Table 1.
6.7 Standard In-House Pilling Test Fabric, having an established pilling resistance rating for checking machine performance.
No universal standard fabric is available. Each test facility must decide on an appropriate fabric.
6.8 Rating Standards:
6.8.1 Fabric—A series of tested specimens of a specific fabric type which shows degree of pilling or other distortion, or both,
for each type of fabric to be tested. Store the fabric rating standards and handle them under conditions that will preserve their
original form and appearance.
TABLE 1 Viewing Apparatus and Options
Apparatus Specimen Preparation
A
ASTM Lightbox (Fig. 1) 0.78 rad [45°]
B
Lightbox 0.78 rad [45°]
B
Lightbox flat
B
Lightbox critical angle
As determined by the buyer and supplier
A
The source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is
Standard Scientific Supply Co., 601 West Market Street, Bethlehem, PA
18018–5208. If you are aware of alternate suppliers, please provide this informa-
tion to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
B
Available commercially.
D3512/D3512M − 10 (2014)
6.8.2 Photographic— A set of five photographs, 105-mm square [4.13 in.], numbered 1 to 5 illustrating varying degrees of
pilling from “very severe pilling” to “no pilling” such as Adjunct D3512. The photos should have a dull matte finish and be of
the same size as the tested specimen.
6.8.3 Digital Imaging or Rating System, or both.
6.9 Facilities for Laundering Samples—If needed.
6.10 Facilities for Dry Cleaning Samples—If needed.
7. Hazardous Materials
7.1 Adhesives used in this test method may be hazardous. Refer to the manufacturer’s material safety data sheets for information
on use, handling, storage, and disposal of these products.
8. Sampling
8.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider rolls of fabric or fabric components of fabricated systems to be the primary sampling
unit, as applicable.
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability among rolls,
bolts, or pieces of fabric and among specimens from a swatch of fabric from a roll, bolt, or piece, or between cartons of garments and among garments
within a carton, to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
8.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—From each primary sampling unit take one full-width piece of fabric that is 1 m [1 yd] in length
along the selvage (machine direction), after first removing a 1 m [1 yd] length. For fabric components of fabricated systems use
the entire system.
8.2.1 For acceptance testing of garments, take one garment from each carton (see Note 2).
9. Test Specimens: Selection, Number, and Preparation
9.1 Samples may be washed or dry cleaned before cutting the test specimens, using conditions appropriate for the fabric end
use or conditions agreed upon by all interested parties.
9.2 Cut specimens in squares 105 mm [4.13 in.] on the bias at an approximate 0.78 rad [45°] angle to the warp (wale) and filling
(course) directions.
9.2.1 Take three specimens from each laboratory unit. Take the specimens evenly spaced across the width of the laboratory
sample or from three different panels in a garment. Specimens should be staggered in such a manner that no two specimens contain
the same yarns. Avoid areas with wrinkles and other distortions. Unless otherwise specified, do not cut specimens nearer the
selvage than one tenth the width of the fabric.
9.3 Mark replicate specimens in one corner on the face of the fabric with the appropriate number 1, 2, or 3.
9.4 If loosely woven specimens fray when applying identification markings, cut the specimens with sides parallel to the warp
and filling and ravel the sides no more than 5 mm [0.2 in.] on each side, leaving the fringe.
9.5 Seal the edges of all specimens to a width not exceeding 3 mm [0.13 in.] on the face of the fabric with adhesive. Hang the
specimens on racks until dry, and in any case for at least 2 h.
NOTE 3—Full-strength adhesive or any dilution down to 1 part adhesive with 1 part water may be used (see 7.1). Pressing the adhesive into the specimen
face may be accomplished using the dispensing nozzle in a closed configuration. The rounded end of a glass s
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.