ASTM D3375-95a(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Column Capacity of Particulate Mixed Bed Ion
Exchange Materials (Withdrawn 2016)
Standard Test Method for Column Capacity of Particulate Mixed Bed Ion<br> Exchange Materials (Withdrawn 2016)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to evaluate unused mixed bed ion exchange materials for conformance to specifications. When a representative sample of the mixed bed can be obtained from an operating unit, this test method can be used to evaluate the regeneration efficiency by comparison with the same data obtained with new material from the same manufactured lots, or retained samples of the in-place products.
This test method provides for the calculation of capacity in terms of the volume of water treated to a conductivity end point.
The test method as written assumes that the cation exchange material has been regenerated to the hydrogen form with acid and the anion exchange material has been regenerated with alkali to the hydroxide or free-base form. In certain applications a cation exchange material in the potassium, ammonium, or other monovalent form may be encountered. Such materials may be tested following this procedure using Test Water A (Test Methods D 1782) as the influent and substituting the hardness end point (Test Methods D 1782) for the end points prescribed herein.
In most cases the product tested will be properly mixed and will contain the correct proportions of anion and cation exchange materials. However, if the pH as well as the conductivity of the effluent is measured, the test method will indicate which of the components is present in excess; an acid effluent at breakthrough indicating an excess of regenerated cation exchange groups and an alkaline effluent an excess of regenerated anion exchange groups. In such cases the volumes of the two components obtained in the final backwash will indicate whether this imbalance arises from improper regeneration or from an improper ratio of the two components. It should be noted, however, that not all units are charged with a balanced ratio of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging groups. Hence, wherever possible, a field sample should be evaluated in comparison with a retained sample of the original c...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of particulate mixed bed ion exchange materials in the regenerated form when used for deionization. It is intended for use in testing unused mixed bed materials and samples of regenerated mixed beds from operating units.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the performance of particulate mixed bed ion exchange materials in the regenerated form when used for deionization.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D19 on Water, this practice was withdrawn in April 2016 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3375 − 95a(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Column Capacity of Particulate Mixed Bed Ion
Exchange Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3375; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perfor- 4.1 This test method consists of exhausting a column of
mance of particulate mixed bed ion exchange materials in the regenerated mixed bed ion exchange material to a specific end
regenerated form when used for deionization. It is intended for point with an influent solution of known composition and
use in testing unused mixed bed materials and samples of volume.
regenerated mixed beds from operating units.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 This test method can be used to evaluate unused mixed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bed ion exchange materials for conformance to specifications.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
When a representative sample of the mixed bed can be
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
obtained from an operating unit, this test method can be used
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to evaluate the regeneration efficiency by comparison with the
same data obtained with new material from the same manu-
2. Referenced Documents
factured lots, or retained samples of the in-place products.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
in terms of the volume of water treated to a conductivity end
tivity of Water
point.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
5.3 The test method as written assumes that the cation
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water exchange material has been regenerated to the hydrogen form
with acid and the anion exchange material has been regener-
D1782 Test Methods for Operating Performance of Particu-
ated with alkali to the hydroxide or free-base form. In certain
late Cation-Exchange Materials
applications a cation exchange material in the potassium,
D2687 PracticesforSamplingParticulateIon-ExchangeMa-
ammonium, or other monovalent form may be encountered.
terials
Such materials may be tested following this procedure using
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Test Water A (Test Methods D1782) as the influent and
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
substituting the hardness end point (Test Methods D1782) for
3. Terminology the end points prescribed herein.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms related to water, 5.4 In most cases the product tested will be properly mixed
refer to Terminology D1129. and will contain the correct proportions of anion and cation
exchange materials. However, if the pH as well as the
conductivity of the effluent is measured, the test method will
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water indicate which of the components is present in excess; an acid
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
effluent at breakthrough indicating an excess of regenerated
Exchange Materials.
cation exchange groups and an alkaline effluent an excess of
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
regenerated anion exchange groups. In such cases the volumes
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3375 – 95a (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D3375-95AR07.
of the two components obtained in the final backwash will
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
indicate whether this imbalance arises from improper regen-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
eration or from an improper ratio of the two components. It
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. should be noted, however, that not all units are charged with a
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3375 − 95a (2007)
balanced ratio of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging 6.1.1 Column, transparent supported 25 6 2.5-mm (1 6
groups. Hence, wherever possible, a field sample should be 0.1-in.) inside diameter and approximately 1500 mm (60 in.)
evaluated in comparison with a retained sample of the original
long. The bottom of the column shall be closed and provided
charge.
with an outlet of about 6-mm inside diameter. Connections
shall be provided at the top and the bottom for the admission
5.5 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity
and removal of the exhausting solution as described in 7.4.
on either a wet weight basis or a volume basis. Although such
materials are normally bought and sold in terms of cubic feet, Adequate means of regulating and measuring flow shall be
they are actually packaged in wet pounds. Therefore, it is the provided. Support for the sample shall be provided so that the
capacity on a wet weight basis that is directly correlatable to
distance from the sample to the column outlet is at least 50
the amount of material in a given shipment.
mm. Calibrate the column in such a manner that the volume
readings required by the test method can be made. Make all
5.6 Calculation of a volume capacity is based on the
calibration measurements at 25 6 5°C.
exhausted, separated volume of the components after back-
washing and resettling the bed. This volume is chosen because
6.1.2 SampleSupport,sodesignedthatthedistancefromthe
it is difficult, if not impossible, to pack a sample of regenerated
sample to the column outlet is at least 50 mm. A suggested
mixed bed material in a small-diameter column reproducibly.
supporting bed utilizes quartz, gravel, glass beads, or other
material 1.5 to 3.5 mm in diameter, insoluble in the reagents
5.7 This test method may be used to test mixed bed resin
used, and retained on a corrosion-resistant screen.
cartridges. In such cases the flow rate of test water and the
frequency of sampling must be varied to compensate for the
6.2 Measuring circuit and in-line conductivity cells as
approximate volume of resin in the test sample. The test as
described in Test Methods D1125. A continuous recorder is
written assumes a resin volume of approximately 330 mL.
recommended.
6. Apparatus
6.3 pH Meter, with associated electrodes as described in
6.1 Test Assembly (Fig. 1), consisting of the following: Test Methods D1293. A continuous recorder is recommended.
FIG. 1 Typical Arrangement of Apparatus for Performance Testing of Ion Exchange Materials
D3375 − 95a (2007)
7. Reagents 7.6 Nitric Acid (1+9)—Pour one volume of nitric acid
(HNO , sp gr 1.42) into nine volumes of water and mix
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
thoroughly.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit- 7.7 Phenolphthalein Indicator Solution (10.0 g/L)—
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society, Dissolve 1.0 g of phenolphthalein in 100 mL of 95 % ethanol.
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
NOTE 2—In most cases certain denatured alcohols such as specially
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
denatured Formula Nos. 3A, 30, or 2B may be substituted for ethanol.
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
7.8 Potassium Chromate Solution (50 g/L)—Dissolve 5.0 g
accuracy of the determination.
of potassium chromate (K CrO ) in 50 mL of water. Dilute to
2 4
7.2 Purity of Water— All reference to water in this test
100 mL with water.
method shall be understood to mean Reagent Water Type I or
7.9 Silver Nitrate Solution, Standard (0.10 N)—Dry crys-
II conforming to Specification D1193, with the additional
talline silver nitrate (AgNO ) at 105°C for 1 h and cool in a
requirement that the silica concentration is less than 0.1 mg/L.
desiccator.Weighout17 60.05g.Transfertoa1-Lvolumetric
7.3 Ammonium Hydroxide Solution (1+19)—Carefully pour
flask with water. Dissolve in 500 mL of water and mix
50 mL of concentrated ammonium hydroxide (NH OH, sp gr
4 thoroughly. Dilute to 1 L with water at 25 6 5°C. Mix well.
0.90) into 500 mL of water, st
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