ASTM A388/A388M-15
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the examination procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings by the straight and angle-beam techniques. An ultrasonic, pulsed, reflection type of instrument shall be used and shall provide linear presentation for at least 75% of the screen height. The 5% linearity referred to is descriptive of the screen presentation of amplitude. The electronic apparatus shall contain an attenuator, search units, transducers, couplants, reference blocks, and DGS scales. The forging shall be machined to provide cylindrical surfaces for radial examination in the case of round forgings. The ends of the forgings shall be machined perpendicular to the axis of the forging for the axial examination. Faces of disk and rectangular forgings shall be machined flat and parallel to one another. The procedures to be performed are as follows: ultrasonic examination of the forgings; straight-beam examination with establishment of the instrument sensitivity and calibration either by the reflection, reference-block technique, or DGS method; and angle-beam examination used for rings and hollow forgings.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications.
4.2 The ultrasonic quality level shall be clearly stated as order requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers the examination procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of steel forgings by the straight and angle-beam techniques. The straight beam techniques include utilization of the DGS (Distance Gain-Size) method. See Appendix X3.
1.2 This practice is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that forgings are to be subject to ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice A388/A388M.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A388/A388M − 15 Usedin USNRC-RDT standards
Standard Practice for
1
Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA388/A388M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2 3
1.1 Thispractice coverstheexaminationproceduresforthe 2.1 ASTM Standards:
contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of steel forgings by A469/A469M Specification for Vacuum-Treated Steel Forg-
the straight and angle-beam techniques. The straight beam ings for Generator Rotors
techniques include utilization of the DGS (Distance Gain-Size) A745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Aus-
method. See Appendix X3. tenitic Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
1.2 This practice is to be used whenever the inquiry,
quirements
contract, order, or specification states that forgings are to be
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
subject to ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
A388/A388M.
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supple-
than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi-
Testing
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
E1065/E1065M Practice for Evaluating Characteristics of
Ultrasonic Search Units
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 2.2 Other Document:
Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Personnel Quali-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining fication and Certification SNT-TC-1A, (1988 or later)
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3. Terminology
with the standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 This specification and the applicable material specifica-
3.1.1 indication levels (clusters), n—five or more indica-
tions are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units.
tions in a volume representing a 2-in. [50-mm] or smaller cube
However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” speci-
in the forging.
fication designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished
3.1.2 individual indications, n—single indications showing
to inch-pound units.
a decrease in amplitude as the search unit is moved in any
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
direction from the position of maximum amplitude and which
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are too small to be considered traveling or planar.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 planar indications, n—indications shall be considered
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
continuous over a plane if they have a major axis greater than
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 in. [25 mm] or twice the major dimension of the transducer,
whichever is greater, and do not travel.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 15, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A388/A388M – 11. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0388_A0388M-15. the ASTM website.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
cation SA-388/SA-388M in Section II of that Code. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A388/A388M − 15
3.1.4 traveling indications, n—inductions whose leading [13 mm] minimum to 1 in. [25 mm] maximum dimensions
edge moves a distance equivalent to 1 in. [25 mm] or more of shall be used for angle-beam scanning (see 9.3).
metal depth with
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A388/A388M − 11 A388/A388M − 15 Used in USNRC-RDT standards
Standard Practice for
1
Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A388/A388M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers the examination procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of steel forgings by the
straight and angle-beam techniques. The straight beam techniques include utilization of the DGS (Distance Gain-Size) method. See
Appendix X3.
1.2 This practice is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that forgings are to be subject to
ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice A388/A388M.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However,
unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound
units.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A469/A469M Specification for Vacuum-Treated Steel Forgings for Generator Rotors
A745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without the
Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Testing
E1065E1065/E1065M Practice for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search Units
2.2 Other Document:
4
Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Personnel Qualification and Certification SNT-TC-1A, (1988 or later)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 indication levels (clusters), n—five or more indications in a volume representing a 2-in. [50-mm] or smaller cube in the
forging.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011July 15, 2015. Published May 2011July 2015. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as
A388/A388M – 10.A388/A388M – 11. DOI: 10.1520/A0388_A0388M-11.10.1520/A0388_A0388M-15.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-388/SA-388M in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A388/A388M − 15
3.1.2 individual indications, n—single indications showing a decrease in amplitude as the search unit is moved in any direction
from the position of maximum amplitude and which are too small to be considered traveling or planar.
3.1.3 planar indications, n—indications shall be considered continuous over a plane if they have a maj
...
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