ASTM D2692-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Air Wicking of Tire Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns
Standard Test Method for Air Wicking of Tire Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of tire fabrics since this test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. This test method is also considered satisfactory for quality control.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories may be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
This test method is applicable for testing the air permeability of any fabric that is embedded in a rubber compound, but is particularly useful when testing chafer fabrics to be used in a tubeless tire construction. In tubeless tires, chafer fabric yarns that are not wick proof represent potential channels for air to pass through, and thus, this test method provides a prediction of chafer permeability.
Evaluation of air wicking in other fabric and cord components in such products as tires, rubber brake diaphragms, and pneumatic hoses, is useful.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of longitudinal air permeability for tire fabrics, tire cord fabrics, tire cords, or yarns embedded in cured rubber compound. This test method is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of fabric treatments intended to prevent air permeability. This test method is applicable to fabrics made from all types of fibers with all types of rubber compound.
1.2 This test method is written in SI units. The inch pound units which are provided are not necessarily exact equivalents of the SI units. Either system of units may be used in this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See the Note in 11.1.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D2692–07
Standard Test Method for
Air Wicking of Tire Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord,
1
and Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2692; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tire cord fabric, tire fabric, vulcanization, wickproof, in tire
fabric, tire cord fabric, tire cord, or yarn.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of longitudi-
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer
nalairpermeabilityfortirefabrics,tirecordfabrics,tirecords,
to Terminology D123.
or yarns embedded in cured rubber compound. This test
3.1.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
method is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of fabric
skein and yarn.
treatments intended to prevent air permeability. This test
method is applicable to fabrics made from all types of fibers
4. Summary of Test Method
with all types of rubber compound.
4.1 Fabric specimens are embedded in a rubber compound
1.2 This test method is written in SI units. The inch pound
and air pressure is applied to freshly exposed yarn ends.
units which are provided are not necessarily exact equivalents
Detergent solution is applied to the opposite end of the yarns
of the SI units. Either system of units may be used in this test
whichhavealsobeenfreshlyexposed.Airwickingisindicated
method.
by continuous formation of air bubbles in the detergent
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
solution due to air passing along the axis of a yarn.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See the Note in
acceptance testing of commercial shipments of tire fabrics
11.1.
sincethistestmethodhasbeenusedextensivelyinthetradefor
acceptance testing. This test method is also considered satis-
2. Referenced Documents
2 factory for quality control.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
reportedtestresultswhenusingthistestmethodforacceptance
D3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
ing Standard Vulcanized Sheets
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire,
tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
3. Terminology specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
3.1 Definitions:
specimensshouldthenberandomlyassignedinequalnumbers
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtotirecord,beadwire,
toeachlaboratoryfortesting.Theaverageresultsfromthetwo
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
laboratories may be compared using appropriate statistical
3.1.1.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:air
analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two
wicking, chafer fabric, test panel, in air wicking test, tire cord,
parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its
cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consid-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics.
eration to the known bias.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
5.2 This test method is applicable for testing the air perme-
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2692–04. DOI:
10.1520/D2692-07.
ability of any fabric that is embedded in a rubber compound,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
butisparticularlyusefulwhentestingchaferfabricstobeused
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in a tubeless tire construction. In tubeless tires, chafer fabric
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. yarns that are not wick proof represent potential channels for
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2692–04 Designation:D2692–07
Standard Test Method for
Air Wicking of Tire Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord,
1
and Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2692; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of longitudinal air permeability for tire fabrics, tire cord fabrics, tire cords, or
yarns embedded in cured rubber compound. This test method is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of fabric treatments
intendedtopreventairpermeability.Thistestmethodisapplicabletofabricsmadefromalltypesoffiberswithalltypesofrubber
compound.
1.2 This test method is written in SI units. The inch pound units which are provided are not necessarily exact equivalents of
the SI units. Either system of units may be used in this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See the Note in 11.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D3182 Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard
Vulcanized Sheets
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord, bead wire, hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
3.1.1.1 Thefollowingtermsarerelevanttothisstandard:airwicking,chaferfabric,testpanel,inairwickingtest,tirecord,tire
cord fabric, tire fabric, vulcanization, wickproof, in tire fabric, tire cord fabric, tire cord, or yarn.
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
3.1.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: skein and yarn.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Fabric specimens are embedded in a rubber compound and air pressure is applied to freshly exposed yarn ends. Detergent
solution is applied to the opposite end of the yarns which have also been freshly exposed.Air wicking is indicated by continuous
formation of air bubbles in the detergent solution due to air passing along the axis of a yarn.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of tire fabrics since this test
method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. This test method is also considered satisfactory for quality
control.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of
commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics .
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2692–98.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2692–04.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2692–07
DIMENSIONS
a bcd e f g
Inches 3.0 1.5 3.5 0.5 0.25 0.75 2.25
Millimetres 76 38 89 12.6 6.4 19 57
NOTE 1—Lower case letters refer to dimensions. Capital letters refer to pieces prepared as outlined in 10.2.
FIG. 1 Test Panel
in question. The test specimens should then be randomly
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.