ASTM A340-19a

Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2019
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.92 - Terminology and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A340-19 - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Replaced By: ASTM A340-19b - Standard Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A664-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A772/A772M-00(2022) - Standard Test Method for AC Magnetic Permeability of Materials Using Sinusoidal Current
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A976-18 - Standard Classification of Insulating Coatings for Electrical Steels by Composition, Relative Insulating Ability and Application
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1458-12(2022) - Standard Test Method for Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A876-17e1 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A838-18 - Standard Specification for Free-Machining Ferritic Stainless Soft Magnetic Alloy Bar for Relay Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A801-21 - Standard Specification for Wrought Iron-Cobalt High Magnetic Saturation Alloys (UNS R30005 and K92650)
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A345-19 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for Magnetic Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A977/A977M-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Magnetic Properties of High-Coercivity Permanent Magnet Materials Using Hysteresigraphs
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A912/A912M-11(2019) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method with Toroidal Specimens
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM B887-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Coercivity (Hcs) of Cemented Carbides
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A1126-23 - Standard Specification for Magnetic Pure Iron
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A889/A889M-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Low Magnetic Flux Density Using the Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter-Varmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Frame
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A340 −19a
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysisanddifferentialequationssoastomakethedefinitionsmoreintelligibletotheaverageworker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International ElectrotechnicalVocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on
Terminology and Definitions.
Current edition approved June 15, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as A340 – 19. DOI:
10.1520/A0340-19A.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term E induced primary voltage
1
E induced secondary voltage
2
a cross-sectional area of B coil E flux volts
f
A cross-sectional area of specimen f cyclic frequency in hertz
A' solid area ^ magnetomotive force
B ff form factor
magnetic flux density
H magnetic field strength
H
magnetic induction ∆H excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
∆B excursion range of induction
cB
B · biased induction H intrinsic coercive field strength
cJ
b
H demagnetizing field strength
B remanent flux density
d d
B H energy product H incremental magnetic field strength
∆
d d
H air gap magnetic field strength
(BH) maximum energy product
max g
B incremental induction H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
∆ L
B intrinsic flux density peak value of magnetizing current)
i
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m m
B maximum induction in a flux current loop esis loop
max
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
B residual flux density
r max
B saturation flux density current loop
s
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
cf crest factor
p
CM cyclically magnetized condition peak value of exciting current)
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
d lamination thickness
t
D demagnetizing coefficient dent with B )
max
B
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
df distortion factor
z
peak value of exciting current)
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
I ac exciting current (rms value)
E exciting voltage
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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A340−19a
I ac core loss current (rms value) R core resistance
c 1
I constant current R winding resistance
dc w
I ac magnetizing current (rms value) S lamination factor (stacking factor)
m
J magnetic polarization SCM symmetrically cyclically magnetized condition
J residual magnetic polarization T Curie temperature
r c
J saturation magnetic polarization w lamination width
s
k' coupling coefficient W hysteresis loop loss
h
! flux path length linear expansion, coefficient (average)
α¯
! effective flux path length
1 ∆χ incremental tolerance
! gap length
β hysteretic angle
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
γ loss angle
+ mutual flux linkage
m cos γ magnetic power factor
L self inductance
γ proton gyromagnetic ratio
p
L core inductance
1 µ magnetic constant
0
L incremental inductance
δ density
∆
L intrinsic inductance
i κ susceptibility
L mutual inductance
ac Permeabilities:
m
L initial inductance
0 µ ideal permeability
a
L series inductance
µ inductance permeability
s
L
L winding inductance
w µ L incremental inductance permeability
∆
m magnetic moment
µ initial dynamic permeability
0d
M magnetization
µ peak permeability
p
M residual magnetization
r µ incremental peak permeability
∆p
M saturation magnetization
µ instantaneous permeability
s
i
m total mass of a specimen
µ impedance permeability
z
m active mass of a spe
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A340 − 19 A340 − 19a
Standard Terminology of
1
Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In preparing this terminology standard, an attempt has been made to avoid, where possible, vector
analysis and differential equations so as to make the definitions more intelligible to the average worker
in the field of magnetic testing. In some cases, rigorous treatment has been sacrificed to secure
simplicity and clarity, but it is believed that none of the definitions will prove to be misleading.
It is the intent of this terminology standard to be consistent in the use of symbols and units with
those found in IEC 60050-221:1990 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components. Although Committee A06 has chosen to make SI units normative, the
extensive technical and commercial literature using the older Gaussian units requires that many
definitions contain discussion about and use of both unit systems. This is not an endorsement of the
older unit system and users of this terminology are encouraged to use SI units where possible.
Part 1—Symbols Used in Magnetic Testing
Symbol Term
α cross-sectional area of B coil
a cross-sectional area of B coil
A cross-sectional area of specimen
A' solid area
B
magnetic flux density
H
magnetic induction
ΔB excursion range of induction
B · biased induction
b
B remanent induction
d
B remanent flux density
d
B remanence
dm
B H energy product
d d
(BH) maximum energy product
max
B incremental induction
Δ
B intrinsic flux density
i
B maximum induction in a hysteresis loop
m
B maximum induction in a flux current loop
max
B residual induction
r
B residual flux density
r
B retentivity
rs
B saturation flux density
s
cf crest factor
CM cyclically magnetized condition
d lamination thickness
D demagnetizing coefficient
B
df distortion factor
D magnetic dissipation factor
m
E exciting voltage
E induced primary voltage
1
E induced secondary voltage
2
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.92 on Terminology
and Definitions.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2019June 15, 2019. Published March 2019June 2019. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20182019 as
A340 – 18.A340 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/A0340-19.10.1520/A0340-19A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A340 − 19a
E flux volts
f
f cyclic frequency in hertz
^ magnetomotive force
ff form factor
H magnetic field strength
ΔH excursion range of magnetic field strength
H biasing magnetic field strength
b
H coercive field strength
cB
H intrinsic coercive field strength
cJ
H demagnetizing field strength
d
H incremental magnetic field strength
Δ
H air gap magnetic field strength
g
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
L
peak value of magnetizing current)
H maximum magnetic field strength in a hyster-
m
esis loop
H maximum magnetic field strength in a flux-
max
current loop
H ac magnetic field strength (from a measured
p
peak value of exciting current)
H instantaneous magnetic field strength (coinci-
t
dent with B )
max
H ac magnetic field strength (from an assumed
z
peak value of exciting current)
I ac exciting current (rms value)
I ac core loss current (rms value)
c
I constant current
dc
I ac magnetizing current (rms value)
m
J magnetic polarization
J residual magnetic polarization
r
J saturation magnetic polarization
s
k' coupling coefficient
! flux path length
! effective flux path length
1
! gap length
g
+ (also φ N ) flux linkage
+ mutual flux linkage
m
L self inductance
L core inductance
1
L incremental inductance
Δ
L intrinsic inductance
i
L mutual inductance
m
L initial inductance
0
L series inductance
s
L winding inductance
w
m magnetic moment
M magnetization
M residual magnetization
r
M saturation magnetization
s
m total mass of a specimen
m active mass of a specimen
1
N demagnetizing factor
D
N demagnetizing factor
N turns in a primary winding
1
N turns in a secondary winding
2
N I/! ac excitation
1 1
p magnetic pole strength
3 permeance
P active (
...