ASTM D5473/D5473M-20

Standard Practice for (Analytical Procedures) Analyzing the Effects of Partial Penetration of Control Well and Determining the Horizontal and Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity in a Nonleaky Confined Aquifer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assumptions:  
5.1.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.  
5.1.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter and partially penetrates the aquifer.  
5.1.3 The nonleaky artesian aquifer is homogeneous, and aerially extensive. The aquifer may also be anisotropic and, if so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively. The methods may be used to analyze tests on unconfined aquifers under conditions described in a following section.
Note 1: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information.  
5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.  
5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 2.  
5.2 Implications of Assumptions—The vertical flow components in the aquifer are induced by a control well that partially penetrates the aquifer, that is, a well that is not open to the aquifer through its full thickness. The effects of vertical flow components are measured in piezometers near the control well, that is, within a distance, r, in which vertical flow components are significant, that is:
5.3 Application of Method to Unconfined Aquifers:  
5.3.1 Although the assumptions are applicable to artesian or confined conditions, Weeks (1) has pointed out that the solution may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the drawdown is corrected for reduction in thickness of the aquifer, and the effects of delayed gravity response are small. The effects of gravity response become negligible after a time as given, for piezometers near the water table, by the equation:
for values of ar/b  
for greater values of ar/b.  
5.3.2 Drawdown in an unconfined aquifer is also affected by curvature of the water table or free surface near the control well, and b...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an analytical solution for determining the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer by analysis of the response of water levels in the aquifer to the discharge from a well that partially penetrates the aquifer. This standard uses data derived from Test Method D4050.  
1.2 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this practice.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2020
• ICS: 13.060.10 - Water of natural resources
• Technical Committee: D18 - Soil and Rock
• Drafting Committee: D18.21 - Groundwater and Vadose Zone Investigations

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5473/D5473M −20
Standard Practice for
(Analytical Procedures) Analyzing the Effects of Partial
Penetration of Control Well and Determining the Horizontal
and Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity in a Nonleaky Confined
1
Aquifer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5473/D5473M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
methods for engineering design
1.1 This practice covers an analytical solution for determin-
ing the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of an 1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
aquifer by analysis of the response of water levels in the one or more specific operations.This document cannot replace
aquifertothedischargefromawellthatpartiallypenetratesthe educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
aquifer. This standard uses data derived from Test Method professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be
D4050. applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
1.2 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for deter-
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
mination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity
nor should this document be applied without the consideration
ofaquifersareprimarilyrelatedtothecorrespondencebetween
ofaproject’smanyuniqueaspects.Theword“Standard”inthe
the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this
title of this document means only that the document has been
practice.
approved through he ASTM consensus process.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
formance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
this standard.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Practice D6026.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
2. Referenced Documents
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
Fluids
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
D4050Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal
and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5473/D5473M–15. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5473_D5473M–20. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standar
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5473/D5473M − 15 D5473/D5473M − 20
Standard Test Method Practice for
(Analytical Procedure for) Procedures) Analyzing the Effects
of Partial Penetration of Control Well and Determining the
Horizontal and Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity in a Nonleaky
1
Confined Aquifer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5473/D5473M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an analytical solution for determining the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of an
aquifer by analysis of the response of water levels in the aquifer to the discharge from a well that partially penetrates the aquifer.
This standard uses data derived from Test Method D4050.
1.2 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of
aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this test method.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given
in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4050 Test Method for (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Testing for Determining Hydraulic Properties of
Aquifer Systems
D4105 Practice for (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined
Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater
and Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015June 1, 2020. Published December 2015June 2020. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20062015 as
D5473–93(2006)D5473/D5473M, which was withdrawn July 2015 and reinstated in November 2015. DOI: 10.1520/D5473_D5473M–15.–15. DOI: 10.1520/D5473_
D5473M–20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5473/D5473M − 20
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 observation well—a well open to all or part of an aquifer.
3.2.2 unconfined aquifer—an aquifer that has a water table.
3.3 Symbols and Dimensions:
1/2
3.3.1 a [nd]—(K /K ) .
z r
3.3.2 b [L]—thickness of aquifer.
3.3.3 d [L]—distance from top of aquifer to top of screened
...