ASTM D4648/D4648M-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for SaturatedFine-Grained Clayey Soil
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for SaturatedFine-Grained Clayey Soil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The miniature vane shear test may be used to obtain estimates of the undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils. The test provides a rapid determination of the shear strength on undisturbed, or remolded or reconstituted soils.
Note 2—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D3740 provides a means for evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the miniature vane test in very soft to stiff saturated fine-grained clayey soils (ϕ = 0). Knowledge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and interpretation of the test results.
Note 1—It is recommended that the miniature vane test be conducted in fine-grained, predominately clay soils with an undrained shear strength less than 1.0 tsf [100 kPa]. Vane failure conditions in higher strength clay and predominantly silty soils may deviate from the assumed cylindrical failure surface, thereby causing error in the measured strength.
1.2 This test method includes the use of both conventional calibrated torque spring units (Method A) and electrical torque transducer units (Method B) with a motorized miniature vane shear device.
1.3 Laboratory vane is an ideal tool to investigate strength anisotropy in the vertical and horizontal directions, if suitable samples (specimens) are available.
1.4 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4648/D4648M − 10
StandardTest Method for
Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for Saturated
1
Fine-Grained Clayey Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4648/D4648M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the miniature vane test in very
D1587Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
soft to stiff saturated fine-grained clayey soils (φ=0). Knowl-
Geotechnical Purposes
edge of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be
D2488Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
interpretation of the test results.
D2573Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive
NOTE 1—It is recommended that the miniature vane test be conducted
Soil
in fine-grained, predominately clay soils with an undrained shear strength
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
less than 1.0 tsf [100 kPa].Vane failure conditions in higher strength clay
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
and predominantly silty soils may deviate from the assumed cylindrical
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
failure surface, thereby causing error in the measured strength.
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
1.2 This test method includes the use of both conventional
Samples
calibrated torque spring units (MethodA) and electrical torque
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
transducer units (Method B) with a motorized miniature vane
Data
shear device.
3. Terminology
1.3 Laboratory vane is an ideal tool to investigate strength
anisotropy in the vertical and horizontal directions, if suitable
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
samples (specimens) are available.
3.1.1 torque—the product of the magnitude of a force and
the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force
1.4 Allmeasuredandcalculatedvaluesshallconformtothe
from a specified axis of rotation.
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
3.1.2 torque spring—an elastic spring that can be calibrated
Practice D6026.
to provide a measure of torque that is proportional to the
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
rotation (about a central longitudinal axis) of one end of the
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
spring relative to a fixed condition at the opposite end of the
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
spring.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.3 torque transducer—an electronic measuring device
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
that can be calibrated to provide a measure of torque.
with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The miniature vane shear test consists of inserting a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
four-bladed vane in the end of an undisturbed tube sample or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
remolded sample and rotating it at a constant rate to determine
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the torque required to cause a cylindrical surface to be sheared
by the vane. This torque is then converted to a unit shearing
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and
2
Compressibility of Soils. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4648–05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4648-10. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4648/D4648M − 10
resistance of the cylindrical surface area. The torque is mea- may be used (see Note 3). Vane blade diameter (D) may vary
sured by a calibrated torque spring or torque transducer that is from 0.5 to 1.0 in. [12.7 to 25.4 mm].
attached directly to the vane.
7.2 Vane Device—The vane device s
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4648–05 Designation: D4648/D4648M – 10
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for Saturated
1
Fine-Grained Clayey Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4648/D4648M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the miniature vane test in very soft to stiff saturated fine-grained clayey soils (f=0). Knowledge
of the nature of the soil in which each vane test is to be made is necessary for assessment of the applicability and interpretation
of the test results.
NOTE 1—It is recommended that the miniature vane test be conducted in fine-grained, predominately clay soils with an undrained shear strength less
than 1.0 tsf (100 kPa).[100 kPa]. Vane failure conditions in higher strength clay and predominantly silty soils may deviate from the assumed cylindrical
failure surface, thereby causing error in the measured strength.
1.2 This test method includes the use of both conventional calibrated torque spring units (Method A) and electrical torque
transducer units (Method B) with a motorized miniature vane shear device.
1.3 Laboratory vane is an ideal tool to investigate strength anisotropy in the vertical and horizontal directions, if suitable
samples (specimens) are available.
1.4The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information
only.All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
1.4 AllmeasuredandcalculatedvaluesshallconformtotheguidelinesforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPractice
D6026.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
D2573 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 torque—the product of the magnitude of a force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force from a
specified axis of rotation.
3.1.2 torque spring—an elastic spring that can be calibrated to provide a measure of torque that is proportional to the rotation
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and
Compressibility of Soils.
Current edition approved JuneOct. 1, 2005.2010. Published July 2005.November 2010. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
D4648–00.D4648–05. DOI: 10.1520/D4648-105.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4648/D4648M – 10
(about a central longitudinal axis) of one end of the spring relative to a fixed condition at the opposite end of the spring.
3.1.3 torque transducer—an electronic measuring device that can be calibrated to provide a measure of torque.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1
...
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