ASTM A756-09(2014)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Stainless Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
Standard Specification for Stainless Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the requirements for chromium-carbon bearing quality stainless steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings. Chemical requirements shall conform to the required compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, nickel, copper, and molybdenum. Heat analysis and product analysis shall made. Decarburization and surface imperfection limits are specified. When annealing will be made, the steel should have a completely spheroidized microstructure and the hardness is specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for chromium-carbon bearing quality stainless steel to be used in the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.
1.2 Supplementary Requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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´1
Designation: A756 −09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Stainless Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Table 1 was editorially corrected in October 2015.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Standards:
ISO 683 Part 17 Ball and Roller Bearing Steels
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for
SAE J418a Grain Size Determination of Steel
chromium-carbon bearing quality stainless steel to be used in
the manufacture of anti-friction bearings.
3. Ordering Information
1.2 Supplementary Requirements of an optional nature are
3.1 Orders for material under specification should include
provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
the following information:
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.1.1 Quantity,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3.1.2 Grade identification,
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 3.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,
and are not considered standard. 3.1.4 Dimensions, shape, and
3.1.5 Supplementary Requirements, if desired.
2. Referenced Documents
2 4. Process
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for 4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable of
Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings providing a high-quality product meeting the requirements of
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi- this specification.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
5. Chemical Composition
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
Steel 5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shown
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
in Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.
Blooms, and Forgings
5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
steel manufacturer in accordance withTest Methods, Practices,
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
and Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus deter-
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
mined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1
E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarbur-
for the ordered grade or to requirements agreed upon between
ization of Steel Specimens
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser in
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A751. Permissible variations in product analysis shall be made
A01.28 on Bearing Steels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally
in accordance with Specification A484/A484M.
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A756 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/A0756-09R14E01.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
the ASTM website. PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
A756 − 09 (2014)
A,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
Cu
C D
Number Name C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni Mo (max) O (max) Al (max) Other
... 440C 0.95 - 1.20 1.00 max 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.00 - 0.75 0.40 - 0.50† 0.0020 0.050 ...
max 18.00 max 0.65
... X30CrMoN15-1 0.25 - 0.35 1.00 max 0.030 0.025 1.00 14.00 - 0.30 0.85 - ... 0.0020 ... N 0.300
max 16.00 -0.50 1.10 -0.500
B50 X47Cr14 0.43 - 0.50 1.00 max 0.040 0.015 1.00 12.50 - . . . 0.0020 . .
max 14.50
B51 X65Cr14 0.60 - 0.70 1.00 max 0.040 0.015 1.00 12.50 - 0.75 . . 0.0020 . .
max 14.50 max
B52 X108CrMo17 0.95 - 1.20 1.00 max 0.040 0.015 1.00 16.00 - . 0.40 - . 0.0020 . .
max 18.00 0.80
B53 X89CrMoV18-1 0.85 - 0.95 1.00 max 0.040 0.015 1.00 17.00 - . 0.90 - . 0.0020 . V 0.07 -
max 19.00 1.30 0.12
† Editorially corrected.
A
Elements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.
B
Intentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.
C
Steels B50 through B53 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.
D
Oxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.
6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations from the first usable plate poured, one ingot, at random, from
the usable plate poured nearest to the middle of the heat, and
6.1 The size and shape of the material shall be agreed upon
one ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. When
between manufacturer and purchaser.
two usable plates constitute a heat, two of the sample ingots
6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-rolled and
shall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where a
annealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finished
single usable plate constitutes a heat, any three random ingots
bars0.500in.(12.7mm)andlargerindiameterfurnishedunder
may be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreed
thisspecificationshallconformtotherequirementsspecifiedin
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
the latest edition of Specification A484/A484M.
7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samples
representing the first, middle, and last portion of the heat cast
6.3 Dimensional tolerances for cold-finished coils for ball
and roller material shall be as shown in Table 2. shall be examined. At least one sample shall be taken from
each strand.
6.4 Coil tolerances also apply to cold-finished straight
lengths under 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter. 7.3 Macroetch—Specimens representative of cross sections
of billets shall be macroetched and rated in accordance with
7. Quality Tests
Method E381 acid and water (1:1) at 160 to 180°F (71 to
82°C). Such specimens shall not exceed S 2, R 2, and C2 of
7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality of
Method E381.
the material furnished and shall make the necessary tests to
ensure this quality. The supplier shall be required to report on 3 3
7.4 Inclusion Rating—The specimens shall be ⁄8 by ⁄4 in.
the results of the macroetch and microinclusion rating tests
(9.5 by 19.1 mm) and shall be taken from an area halfway
detailed below. Quality tests shown in 7.2 through 7.4 are
between the center and outside of the billet. The polished face
based upon procedures established in Test Methods E45.
shall be longitudinal to the direction of rolling. The scale used
for rating the specimens shall be the Jernkontoret chart
7.2 Sampling—Samples taken in accordance with the fol-
described in Test Methods E45, Plate I-A. Fields with sizes or
lowing paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4-in. (102 by
numbers of all types of inclusions intermediate between
102-mm) rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be made
configurations shown on the chart shall be classified as the
on smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser.
lesser of the rating number. The worst field of each inclusion
Aminimum 3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sections
type from each specimen shall be recorded as t
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: A756 − 09 (Reapproved 2014) A756 − 09 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Stainless Anti-Friction Bearing Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Table 1 was editorially corrected in October 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for chromium-carbon bearing quality stainless steel to be used in the manufacture
of anti-friction bearings.
1.2 Supplementary Requirements of an optional nature are provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A484/A484M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by
Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
E1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens
2.2 Other Standards:
ISO 683 Part 17 Ball and Roller Bearing Steels
SAE J418a Grain Size Determination of Steel
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under specification should include the following information:
3.1.1 Quantity,
3.1.2 Grade identification,
3.1.3 Specification designation and year of issue,
3.1.4 Dimensions, shape, and
3.1.5 Supplementary Requirements, if desired.
4. Process
4.1 The steel shall be made by a process that is capable of providing a high-quality product meeting the requirements of this
specification.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 Typical examples of chemical compositions are shown in Table 1. Other compositions may be specified.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.28
on Bearing Steels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A756 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/A0756-09R14.10.1520/A0756-09R14E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
A756 − 09 (2014)
A,B
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
Cu
C D
Number Name C Mn P (max) S (max) Si Cr Ni Mo (max) O (max) Al (max) Other
... 440C 0.95 - 1.20 1.00 max 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.00 - 0.75 0.40 - 0.050 0.0020 0.050 ...
max 18.00 max 0.65
... 440C 0.95 - 1.20 1.00 max 0.040 0.030 1.00 16.00 - 0.75 0.40 - 0.50† 0.0020 0.050 ...
max 18.00 max 0.65
... X30CrMoN15-1 0.25 - 0.35 1.00 max 0.030 0.025 1.00 14.00 - 0.30 0.85 - ... 0.0020 ... N 0.300
max 16.00 -0.50 1.10 -0.500
B50 X47Cr14 0.43 - 0.50 1.00 max 0.040 0.015 1.00 12.50 - . . . 0.0020 . .
max 14.50
B51 X65Cr14 0.60 - 0.70 1.00 max 0.040 0.015 1.00 12.50 - 0.75 . . 0.0020 . .
max 14.50 max
B52 X108CrMo17 0.95 - 1.20 1.00 max 0.040 0.015 1.00 16.00 - . 0.40 - . 0.0020 . .
max 18.00 0.80
B53 X89CrMoV18-1 0.85 - 0.95 1.00 max 0.040 0.015 1.00 17.00 - . 0.90 - . 0.0020 . V 0.07 -
max 19.00 1.30 0.12
† Editorially corrected.
A
Elements not quoted shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser.
B
Intentional additions of calcium or calcium alloys for deoxidation or inclusion shape control are not permitted unless specifically approved by the purchaser.
C
Steels B50 through B53 meet the requirements of ISO 683, Part 17, Second Edition, Table 3.
D
Oxygen content applies to product analysis and shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E1019.
5.2 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and
Terminology A751. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 for the
ordered grade or to requirements agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
5.3 Product analysis may be made by the purchaser in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
Permissible variations in product analysis shall be made in accordance with Specification A484/A484M.
6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
6.1 The size and shape of the material shall be agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser.
6.2 Dimensional tolerances for hot-rolled or hot-rolled and annealed bars, in straight lengths or coils, and cold-finished bars
0.500 in. (12.7 mm) and larger in diameter furnished under this specification shall conform to the requirements specified in the
latest edition of Specification A484/A484M.
6.3 Dimensional tolerances for cold-finished coils for ball and roller material shall be as shown in Table 2.
6.4 Coil tolerances also apply to cold-finished straight lengths under 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter.
7. Quality Tests
7.1 The supplier shall be held responsible for the quality of the material furnished and shall make the necessary tests to ensure
this quality. The supplier shall be required to report on the results of the macroetch and microinclusion rating tests detailed below.
Quality tests shown in 7.2 through 7.4 are based upon procedures established in Test Methods E45.
7.2 Sampling—Samples taken in accordance with the following paragraphs shall be obtained from 4 by 4-in. (102 by 102-mm)
rolled billets or forged sections. Tests may be made on smaller or larger sections by agreement with the purchaser. A minimum
3 to 1 reduction of rolled billets or forged sections is required for strand cast products.
7.2.1 For top poured products, a minimum of six samples representing the top and bottom of first, middle, and last usable ingots
shall be examined.
7.2.2 For bottom poured products, a minimum of six samples shall be examined and they shall represent the top and bottom
of three ingots. One ingot shall be taken at random from the first usable plate poured, one ingot, at random, from the usable plate
poured nearest to the middle of the heat, and one ingot, at random, from the last usable plate poured. When two usable plates
constitute a heat, two of the sample ingots shall be selected from the second usable plate poured. Where a single usable plate
constitutes a heat, any three random ingots may be selected. Other methods of sampling shall be as agreed upon between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
7.2.3 For strand cast products, a minimum of six samples representing the first, middle, and last portion of the heat cast shall
be examined. At least one sample shall be taken from each strand.
TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances for Cold-Finished Coils
Size, in. (mm) Total Tolerance, in. (mm)
Through 0.096 (2.44) 0.002 (0.05)
Over 0.096 to 0.270 (2.44 to 6.86), incl 0.003 (0.08)
Over 0.270 to 0.750 (6.86 to 19.1), incl 0.004 (0.10)
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A756 − 09 (2014)
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