ASTM D7776-12
(Guide)Standard Guide for Self-Assessment of Quality System Practices in Petroleum Products and Lubricant Testing Laboratories (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Guide for Self-Assessment of Quality System Practices in Petroleum Products and Lubricant Testing Laboratories (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide can be used to evaluate the performance of a laboratory with regards to its adherence to established laboratory quality practices for the essential elements of managing a well-performing laboratory. The suggested scoring system can be used to identify the laboratory areas which need improvement in performance.
The assessment guide (Table 1) should be adjusted or modified to reflect the specific laboratory quality system that the laboratory follows. This guide is based on Practice D6792.
5.3 Similar but more generic schemes can be found in other ASTM standards such as Guide E548, E882, E994, and E1323. But this guide is the first one to attempt a numerical evaluation for the petroleum products and lubricants testing laboratories in the oil industry.
TABLE 1 Laboratory Assessment Guide to Good Laboratory Practices
Note 1—When the sampling is within the control of the laboratory, documents other than quoted above may detail the sampling process (not only ASTM). For example, company procedures. These should be assessed as well to check compliance to industry standards and then to ensure the laboratory complies with these procedures.
Note 2—Samples, when received by the laboratory from customers, should question the integrity of the sample and make some reference on the final test report to the fact that tests were completed on samples as received. If sample container was not appropriate, a similar caveat should be included. Instruction/procedure on how to deal with these situations should be documented and the laboratory assessed against it.
Note 3—In-house instructions/operating procedures also need to be assessed where used/written for each test method. NumberIssueCommentMaximum Score 1.0 PERSONNEL & TRAINING 1.1 Is there an organization chart available for the lab? / 5 1.2 Is there a management approved policy, directive, endorsement or the like for the goals and operations of the laboratory? / 10 1.3 Are job descriptions provided for all lab...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides direction for the self-assessment of the quality system practices in a laboratory testing petroleum products and lubricants in the oil industry. This guide is intended to satisfy requirements of international laboratory quality standards to conduct periodic self-assessments. It is not intended for comparing laboratory performance among a laboratory group or for use in external certification programs.
1.2 Other forms of assessment formats may also be acceptable as long as they cover the essential elements of this guide regarding laboratory capability.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covers and provides direction for the self-assessment of the quality system practices in a laboratory testing petroleum products and lubricants in the oil industry. This guide is intended to satisfy requirements of international laboratory quality standards to conduct periodic self-assessments. It is not intended for comparing laboratory performance among a laboratory group or for use in external certification programs.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this guide was withdrawn in October 2017 and replaced by Practice D6792 for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories.1
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7776 − 12 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Self-Assessment of Quality System Practices in Petroleum
Products and Lubricant Testing Laboratories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3764 Practice forValidation of the Performance of Process
Stream Analyzer Systems
1.1 This guide covers and provides direction for the self-
D4051 Practice for Preparation of Low-Pressure Gas Blends
assessment of the quality system practices in a laboratory
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
testing petroleum products and lubricants in the oil industry.
Petroleum Products
This guide is intended to satisfy requirements of international
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
laboratory quality standards to conduct periodic self-
Petroleum Products
assessments. It is not intended for comparing laboratory
D4178 Practice for Calibrating Moisture Analyzers
performance among a laboratory group or for use in external
D4296 Practice for Sampling Pitch
certification programs.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
1.2 Other forms of assessment formats may also be accept-
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
able as long as they cover the essential elements of this guide
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
regarding laboratory capability.
Analytical Standards
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4378 Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Tur-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D4418 Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
for Gas Turbines
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
2. Referenced Documents
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
etry (ICP-AES)
D94 Test Methods for Saponification Number of Petroleum
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
Products
Volatility Measurement
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
ity)
D6046 Classification of Hydraulic Fluids for Environmental
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
Impact
ing Oils
D6122 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multi-
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
variate Online,At-Line, and Laboratory Infrared Spectro-
Gases, Manual Method
photometer Based Analyzer Systems
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
Conformance with Specifications
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-
Measurement System Performance
ing Piston Cylinder
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
lometric Karl Fischer Titration
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
D6595 Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and
mittee D02.94.01 on Task Group A: Quality Assurance and Quality Control.
Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published August 2012. DOI:10.1520/
D7776–12
Fluids by Rotating Disc ElectrodeAtomic Emission Spec-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
trometry
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D6596 Practice for Ampulization and Storage of Gasoline
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and Related Hydrocarbon Materials
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7776 − 12
D6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Products 3.1.2 calibration, n—the determination of the values of the
and Lubricants Testing Laboratories significant parameters by comparison with values indicated by
D6849 Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum a set of reference standards. D6595
Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG Test Methods
3.1.3 calibration standard, n—a material with a certified
D6969 Practice for Preparation of Calcined Petroleum Coke
value for a relevant property, issued by or traceable to a
Samples for Analysis
national organization such as NIST, and whose properties are
D6970 Practice for Collection of Calcined Petroleum Coke
known with sufficient accuracy to permit its use to evaluate the
Samples for Analysis
same property of another sample. D6792
D7235 GuideforEstablishingaLinearCorrelationRelation-
3.1.4 certificate of analysis (COA), n—a documentprovided
ship Between Analyzer and Primary Test Method Results
by a supplier to a customer giving results from analyses of
Using Relevant ASTM Standard Practices
required parameters to show how the material is in confor-
D7260 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Valida-
mance with the product specifications or not.
tion of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission
3.1.5 certified reference material, n—a reference material
Spectrometry (ICP-AES) for ElementalAnalysis of Petro-
one or more of whose property values are certified by a
leum Products and Lubricants
technically valid procedure, accompanied by a traceable cer-
D7343 Practice for Optimization, Sample Handling,
tificate or other documentation which is issued by a certifying
Calibration, and Validation of X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
body. D6792
trometry Methods for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum
3.1.6 control limits, n—limits on a control chart that are
Products and Lubricants
used as criteria for signaling the need for action or for judging
D7372 Guide for Analysis and Interpretation of Proficiency
whether a set of data does or does not indicate a state of
Test Program Results
statistical control. D6299
D7482 Practice for Sampling, Storage, and Handling of
Hydrocarbons for Mercury Analysis 3.1.7 good laboratory practices, n—guidelines for the man-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to agement of laboratory experiments which are published by
Determine Conformance with Specifications regulatory agencies or other recognized groups and are con-
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
cerned with the organizational process and the conditions
mometers under which laboratory studies are planned, performed,
E548 Guide for General Criteria Used for Evaluating Labo-
monitored, recorded, and reported. D6046
ratory Competence (Withdrawn 2002)
3.1.8 ICP-AES, n—a high temperature discharge generated
E882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the
by passing an ionizable gas through a magnetic field induced
Chemical Analysis Laboratory
by a radio frequency coil surrounding the tubes that carry gas.
E898 Test Method of Testing Top-Loading, Direct-Reading
The light emitted by this process is measured at fixed wave-
Laboratory Scales and Balances
lengths specific to elements of interest and converted to their
E994 Guide for Calibration andTesting LaboratoryAccredi-
concentrations in a sample.
tation Systems General Requirements for Operation and
3.1.9 proficiency testing, n—determination of a laboratory’s
Recognition (Withdrawn 2003)
testingcapabilitybyevaluatingitstestresultsininterlaboratory
E1323 Guide for Evaluating Laboratory Measurement Prac-
exchange testing or crosscheck programs. One example is the
tices and the Statistical Analysis of the Resulting Data
ASTM D02 Committee’s proficiency testing programs in a
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Metric
wide variety of petroleum products and lubricants, many of
Practice
which may involve more than a 100 laboratories. D6792
2.2 ISO Standards:
3.1.10 quality control, n—a planned system of activities
ISO 4259 Petroleum Products – Determination andApplica-
whose purpose is to provide a level of quality that meets the
tion of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
needs of users; also the uses of such a system. D6792
ISO 9000 Quality Management Standards
3.1.11 reference material, n—a material with accepted ref-
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of
erence value(s), accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated
Testing and Calibration Laboratories
level of confidence for desired properties, which may be used
for calibration or quality control purposes in the laboratory.
3. Terminology
Sometimes these may be prepared “in-house” provided the
3.1 Definitions:
reference values are established using accepted standard
3.1.1 bias, n—a systematic error that contributes to the
procedures. D6792
difference between a population mean of the measurements or
3.1.12 sigma, n—ameasureofvariance;alsocalledstandard
test results and an accepted reference or true value. D6299
deviation.
3.1.13 test performance index (TPI), n—an approximate
measure of a laboratory’s testing capability, defined as the ratio
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
of test method reproducibility to site precision. D6792
www.astm.org.
3.1.14 traceable, n—propertyoftheresultofameasurement
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org. or the value of a standard whereby it can be related to stated
D7776 − 12
references, usually national or international standards, through 6.1.2 It is recognized that a laboratory’s performance can be
an unbroken chain of comparisons all having stated measured by other criteria such as customer satisfaction which
uncertainties. D6792 involves other factors than those assessed here.
6.1.3 Judgment must be used by an assessor regarding
3.1.15 Z-score, n—standardized and dimensionless measure
whether the laboratory practice fully meets, partially meets, or
of the difference between an individual result in a data set and
does not meet the stated requirements. Thus, partial credit can
the arithmetic mean of the data set, re-expressed in units of
be given depending upon the extent of compliance. A weight
standard deviation of the data set (by dividing the actual
should be given to each question based on its importance since
difference from the mean by the standard deviation for the data
not all requirements are of the same critical nature. Thus, the
set). D7372
assessor’s observation associated with a specific to a question
3.2 Acronyms:
from Table 1 could be:
3.2.1 ILCP—ASTM D02 Committee proficiency testing
Yes Good All : Max Score
program for interlaboratory cross-check program.
Partially Satisfactory Most : < Max Score
No Poor Some : Zero
3.2.2 ISO—International Organization for Standardization
N/A N/A None : N/A
based in Geneva, Switzerland.
6.2 Most of the questions in Table 1 have been assigned a
3.2.3 MSDS—Material Safety Data Sheet.
maximum of 10 or 20 rating points. Calibration and quality
3.2.4 NIST—NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology
control sections carry the greatest total weight in the scoring
based in Gaithersburg, MD.
since these two areas are perhaps the most important ones
3.2.5 TMC—ASTM Test Monitoring Center headquartered associated with producing accurate and precise data. All
answers should be supported by available documents in the
in Pittsburgh, PA.
laboratory.
4. Summary of Guide
6.3 If a particular question does not apply to the activity of
4.1 Petroleum products and lubricants are regularly ana-
the laboratory in question, the maximum score possible should
lyzedinrefineryandplantlaboratoriesusingspecifiedstandard
be reduced by the test score allocated to that item.
test methods. This guide provides management with a tool to
6.4 In many cases notes are provided at the end of the Table
assist in determining how well their laboratory is performing
1 to help the assessor to understand the intent of the questions.
relative to established laboratory quality practices. A scoring
6.5 For scoring purposes guide in Table 3 may be used. The
scheme is suggested to assist the laboratory in identifying
laboratorymayfinditnecessarytoprovideadditionalguidance
essential elements and to prioritize corrective actions.
for scoring when there is only a partial fulfillment of the
5. Significance and Use requirement.
5.1 This guide can be used to evaluate the performance of a
6.6 An assessment grade can be established as indicated in
laboratory with regards to its adherence to established labora- Table 4.The grade can be based on either a maximum possible
tory quality practices for the essential elements of managing a
score of 1300, or as a percentage of the maximum score for a
well-performing laboratory. The suggested scoring system can modified scheme.
be used to identify the laboratory areas which need improve-
6.7 A laboratory or an assessor may use a different scoring
ment in performance.
system so long as it remains consistent with the essential
5.2 The assessment guide (Table 1) should be adjusted or
elementscitedinthisGuideandweightingprovidedinTable2.
modified to reflect the specific laboratory quality system that
6.8 Appendix X1 provides examples responses for some of
the laboratory follows. This guide is based on Practice D6792.
the questions from Table 1 as it may relate to a hypothetical
5.3 Similar but more generic schemes can be found in other issue.
ASTMstandardssuchasGuideE548,E882,E994,andE1323.
6.9 For some questions in this guide there is no quantitative
But this guide is the first one to attempt a numerical evaluation
answer. The assessor should use discretion in reviewing such
forthepetroleumproductsandlubricantstestinglaboratoriesin
answers.An assessor should particularly pay attention whether
the oil industry.
the laboratory response is adequate as a good practice.
6. Scoring System 6.10 The most critical areas for a laboratory’s proficiency
are test method compliance, calibration and statistical quality
6.1 The suggested scoring system is given in Table 2.
control.Thus, these three areas carry 650 points in this scheme
Laboratory areas to be self-asse
...
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