ASTM D570-98(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method for rate of water absorption has two chief functions: first, as a guide to the proportion of water absorbed by a material and consequently, in those cases where the relationships between moisture and electrical or mechanical properties, dimensions, or appearance have been determined, as a guide to the effects of exposure to water or humid conditions on such properties; and second, as a control test on the uniformity of a product. This second function is particularly applicable to sheet, rod, and tube arms when the test is made on the finished product.
3.2 Comparison of water absorption values of various plastics can be made on the basis of values obtained in accordance with 7.1 and 7.4.
3.3 Ideal diffusion of liquids3 into polymers is a function of the square root of immersion time. Time to saturation is strongly dependent on specimen thickness. For example, Table 1 shows the time to approximate time saturation for various thickness of nylon-6.
3.4 The moisture content of a plastic is very intimately related to such properties as electrical insulation resistance, dielectric losses, mechanical strength, appearance, and dimensions. The effect upon these properties of change in moisture content due to water absorption depends largely on the type of exposure (by immersion in water or by exposure to high humidity), shape of the part, and inherent properties of the plastic. With nonhomogeneous materials, such as laminated forms, the rate of water absorption may be widely different through each edge and surface. Even for otherwise homogeneous materials, it may be slightly greater through cut edges than through molded surfaces. Consequently, attempts to correlate water absorption with the surface area must generally be limited to closely related materials and to similarly shaped specimens: For materials of widely varying density, relation between water-absorption values on a volume as well as a weight basis may need to be considered.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative rate of absorption of water by plastics when immersed. This test method is intended to apply to the testing of all types of plastics, including cast, hot-molded, and cold-molded resinous products, and both homogeneous and laminated plastics in rod and tube form and in sheets 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) or greater in thickness.
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D570 − 98 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Absorption of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D570; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope conditions on such properties; and second, as a control test on
the uniformity of a product. This second function is particu-
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftherelative
larly applicable to sheet, rod, and tube arms when the test is
rate of absorption of water by plastics when immersed. This
made on the finished product.
test method is intended to apply to the testing of all types of
plastics, including cast, hot-molded, and cold-molded resinous 3.2 Comparison of water absorption values of various plas-
products, and both homogeneous and laminated plastics in rod tics can be made on the basis of values obtained in accordance
and tube form and in sheets 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) or greater in with 7.1 and 7.4.
thickness. 3
3.3 Ideal diffusion of liquids into polymers is a function of
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the square root of immersion time. Time to saturation is
standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information strongly dependent on specimen thickness. For example, Table
only. 1 shows the time to approximate time saturation for various
thickness of nylon-6.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.4 The moisture content of a plastic is very intimately
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
related to such properties as electrical insulation resistance,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
dielectric losses, mechanical strength, appearance, and dimen-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sions. The effect upon these properties of change in moisture
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
content due to water absorption depends largely on the type of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
exposure (by immersion in water or by exposure to high
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
humidity), shape of the part, and inherent properties of the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
plastic. With nonhomogeneous materials, such as laminated
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
forms, the rate of water absorption may be widely different
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
through each edge and surface. Even for otherwise homoge-
neous materials, it may be slightly greater through cut edges
2. Referenced Documents
than through molded surfaces. Consequently, attempts to
correlatewaterabsorptionwiththesurfaceareamustgenerally
2.1 ISO Standard:
2
be limited to closely related materials and to similarly shaped
ISO62 Plastics—Determination of Water Absorption
specimens: For materials of widely varying density, relation
between water-absorption values on a volume as well as a
3. Significance and Use
weight basis may need to be considered.
3.1 This test method for rate of water absorption has two
chief functions: first, as a guide to the proportion of water
absorbed by a material and consequently, in those cases where
therelationshipsbetweenmoistureandelectricalormechanical
properties, dimensions, or appearance have been determined,
as a guide to the effects of exposure to water or humid
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
3
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics. Additional information regarding diffusion of liquids in polymers can be found
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally in the following references: (1) Diffusion, Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems,E.L.
ɛ1
approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D570-98 (2010) . Cussler, Cambridge University Press, 1985, ISBN 0-521-29846-6, (2) Diffusion in
DOI: 10.1520/D0570-98R18. Polymers, J. Crank and G.S. Park, Academic Press, 1968, and (3) “Permeation,
2
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Diffusion, and Sorption of Gases and Vapors,” R.M. Felder and G.S. Huvard, in
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Methods of Experimental Physics, Vol 16C, 1980, Academic Press.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D570 − 98 (Reapproved 2010) D570 − 98 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Absorption of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D570; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Removed ASTM D647 as a referenced document editorially in June 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative rate of absorption of water by plastics when immersed. This test
method is intended to apply to the testing of all types of plastics, including cast, hot-molded, and cold-molded resinous products,
and both homogeneous and laminated plastics in rod and tube form and in sheets 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) or greater in thickness.
1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This standard is equivalent to ISO 62.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ISO Standard:
2
ISO 62 Plastics—Determination of Water Absorption
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method for rate of water absorption has two chief functions: first, as a guide to the proportion of water absorbed
by a material and consequently, in those cases where the relationships between moisture and electrical or mechanical properties,
dimensions, or appearance have been determined, as a guide to the effects of exposure to water or humid conditions on such
properties; and second, as a control test on the uniformity of a product. This second function is particularly applicable to sheet,
rod, and tube arms when the test is made on the finished product.
3.2 Comparison of water absorption values of various plastics can be made on the basis of values obtained in accordance with
7.1 and 7.4.
3
3.3 Ideal diffusion of liquids into polymers is a function of the square root of immersion time. Time to saturation is strongly
dependent on specimen thickness. For example, Table 1 shows the time to approximate time saturation for various thickness of
nylon-6.
3.4 The moisture content of a plastic is very intimately related to such properties as electrical insulation resistance, dielectric
losses, mechanical strength, appearance, and dimensions. The effect upon these properties of change in moisture content due to
water absorption depends largely on the type of exposure (by immersion in water or by exposure to high humidity), shape of the
part, and inherent properties of the plastic. With nonhomogeneous materials, such as laminated forms, the rate of water absorption
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010Aug. 1, 2018. Published June 2010August 2018. Originally approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
ɛ1
D570 - 98 (2005).(2010) . DOI: 10.1520/D0570-98R10E01.10.1520/D0570-98R18.
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
3
Additional information regarding diffusion of liquids in polymers can be found in the following references: (1) Diffusion, Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems, E. L. Cussler,
Cambridge University Press, 1985, ISBN 0-521-29846-6, (2) Diffusion in Polymers, J. Crank and G. S. Park, Academic Press, 1968, and (3) “Permeation, Diffusion, and
Sorption of Gases and Vapors,” R. M. Felder and G. S. Huvard, in Methods of Experimental Physics, Vol 16C, 1980, Academic Press.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
...
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