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ASTM C1878-19

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Surface Water Resistance of Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation

Standard Test Method for Surface Water Resistance of Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Vapor retarders used on thermal insulation can be exposed to liquid water in normal usage. Some cannot tolerate such exposure without suffering damage. Others are designed to withstand intermittent or occasional exposure in their intended indoor usage. Still others are intended for outdoor applications and exposure to the elements. (not covered by this standard).  
3.2 This test is used to evaluate products or materials that are used where exposure to liquid water on the surfaces on an intermittent or occasional basis is possible. Such products would be expected to absorb very little water, if any, in this test.  
3.3 In the test, the specimen is exposed to a specified volume of water over a given exposure area, with a resultant head pressure.  
3.4 The amount of water absorbed by a specimen is measured in this test. This is used to characterize the water resistance of the specimen. The less water absorbed, the more water resistant the surface is considered to be.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method details a procedure for the determination of the surface water resistance of a vapor retarder by measurement of the quantity of water absorbed in a specified time by the service-exposed surface of a vapor retarder intended for use on thermal insulation.  
1.2 This test method covers vapor retarders that are expected to withstand intermittent or occasional exposure to liquid water on the exposed side. Examples of this exposure are condensation and light rain during installation before a structure is enclosed.  
1.3 This method does not cover vapor retarders intended for exposure to the elements in outdoor applications.  
1.4 This method does not cover thermal insulation products that also act as vapor retarders, such as elastomeric foam and cellular glass.  
1.5 In the test, the specimen is exposed to a specified volume of water over a given exposure area, with a resultant head pressure.  
1.6 The test method is based on Test Method D3285 (withdrawn), the so-called “Cobb” test used for paper.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2019
ICS
91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
91.120.30 - Waterproofing
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.33 - Insulation Finishes and Moisture
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM C1136-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019

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ASTM C1878-19 - Standard Test Method for Surface Water Resistance of Vapor Retarders for Thermal InsulationASTM C1878-19 - Standard Test Method for Surface Water Resistance of Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
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ASTM C1878-19 - Standard Test Method for Surface Water Resistance of Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1878 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Surface Water Resistance of Vapor Retarders for Thermal
1
Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method details a procedure for the determina- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of the surface water resistance of a vapor retarder by D3285 Test Method for Water Absorptiveness of Nonbibu-
measurement of the quantity of water absorbed in a specified lous Paper and Paperboard (Cobb Test) (Withdrawn
3
time by the service-exposed surface of a vapor retarder 2010)
intended for use on thermal insulation.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 This test method covers vapor retarders that are ex-
pected to withstand intermittent or occasional exposure to 3.1 Vapor retarders used on thermal insulation can be
exposed to liquid water in normal usage. Some cannot tolerate
liquidwaterontheexposedside.Examplesofthisexposureare
such exposure without suffering damage. Others are designed
condensation and light rain during installation before a struc-
to withstand intermittent or occasional exposure in their
ture is enclosed.
intended indoor usage. Still others are intended for outdoor
1.3 This method does not cover vapor retarders intended for
applications and exposure to the elements. (not covered by this
exposure to the elements in outdoor applications.
standard).
1.4 This method does not cover thermal insulation products
3.2 This test is used to evaluate products or materials that
that also act as vapor retarders, such as elastomeric foam and
are used where exposure to liquid water on the surfaces on an
cellular glass.
intermittent or occasional basis is possible. Such products
1.5 In the test, the specimen is exposed to a specified
would be expected to absorb very little water, if any, in this
volume of water over a given exposure area, with a resultant
test.
head pressure.
3.3 In the test, the specimen is exposed to a specified
1.6 The test method is based on Test Method D3285
volume of water over a given exposure area, with a resultant
(withdrawn), the so-called “Cobb” test used for paper.
head pressure.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.4 The amount of water absorbed by a specimen is mea-
standard.
sured in this test. This is used to characterize the water
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the resistance of the specimen. The less water absorbed, the more
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the water resistant the surface is considered to be.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Water Absorption Apparatus, to permit one side of the
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
specimen to be wetted uniformly at the moment the soaking
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
period begins, and to allow controlled rapid removal of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
water from the specimen at the end of the test period.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1.1 A specimen holder as shown in Fig. 1 comprised of a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
metal ring with a machined lower face, 11.28 6 0.02 cm inside
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeC16 on Thermal contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on Insulation Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Finishes and Moisture. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published May 2019. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
C1878-19. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1878 − 19
FIG. 1 Water Absorption Apparatus
2
diameter (creating a tested area of 100 cm ), 2.5 cm high and 7.3 Place a dry rubber mat on the metal plate and lay a
about 0.6 cm thick
...

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5.1 This test method is applicable to the measurement of airborne asbestos in a wide range of ambient air situations and for detailed evaluation of any atmosphere for asbestos structures. Most fibers in ambient atmospheres are not asbestos, and therefore, there is a requirement for fibers to be identified. Most of the airborne asbestos fibers in ambient atmospheres have diameters below the resolution limit of the light microscope. This test method is based on transmission electron microscopy, which has adequate resolution to allow detection of small thin fibers and is currently the only technique capable of unequivocal identification of the majority of individual fibers of asbestos. Asbestos is often found, not as single fibers, but as very complex, aggregated structures, which may or may not also be aggregated with other particles. The fibers found suspended in an ambient atmosphere can often be identified unequivocally if sufficient measurement effort is expended. However, if each fiber were to be identified in this way, the analysis would become prohibitively expensive. Because of instrumental deficiencies or because of the nature of the particulate matter, some fibers cannot be positively identified as asbestos even though the measurements all indicate that they could be asbestos. Therefore, subjective factors contribute to this measurement, and consequently, a very precise definition of the procedure for identification and enumeration of asbestos fibers is required. The method defined in this test method is designed to provide a description of the nature, numerical concentration, and sizes of asbestos-containing particles found in an air sample. The test method is necessarily complex because the structures observed are frequently very complex. The method of data recording specified in the test method is designed to allow reevaluation of the structure-counting data as new applications for measurements are developed. All of the feasible specimen preparation techn...
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1.1 This test method2 is an analytical procedure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the determination of the concentration of asbestos structures in ambient atmospheres and includes measurement of the dimension of structures and of the asbestos fibers found in the structures from which aspect ratios are calculated.  
1.1.1 This test method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibers present.  
1.1.2 This test method cannot always discriminate between individual fibers of the asbestos and non-asbestos analogues of the same amphibole mineral.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for determination of asbestos in both ambient (outdoor) and building atmospheres.  
1.2.1 This test method is defined for polycarbonate capillary-pore filters or cellulose ester (either mixed esters of cellulose or cellulose nitrate) filters through which a known volume of air has been drawn and for blank filters.  
1.3 The upper range of concentrations that can be determined by this test method is 7000 s/mm2. The air concentration represented by this value is a function of the volume of air sampled.  
1.3.1 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers that can be detected. In practice, microscopists vary in their ability to detect very small asbestos fibers. Therefore, a minimum length of 0.5 μm has been defined as the shortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results.  
1.4 The direct analytical method cannot be used if the general particulate matter loading of the sample collection filter as analyzed exceeds approximately 10 % coverage of the collection filter by particulate matter.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropri...

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  • Standard
    33 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off