ASTM C778-00

Standard Specification for Standard Sand

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the testing of hydraulic cements.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Feb-2000
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: C01 - Cement
• Drafting Committee: C01.95 - Coordination of Standards

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C778-02 - Standard Specification for Standard Sand
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4383-21 - Standard Specification for Plowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C110-20 - Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C141/C141M-14(2022) - Standard Specification for Hydrated Hydraulic Lime for Structural Purposes
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C884/C884M-23 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Compatibility Between Concrete and an Epoxy-Resin Overlay
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C359-21 - Standard Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic-Cement (Mortar Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C348-21 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C1474-19 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Isotopic Composition of Uranium in Nuclear-Grade Fuel Material by Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C1439-19 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D7382-20 - Standard Test Methods for Determination of Maximum Dry Unit Weight of Granular Soils Using a Vibrating Hammer
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D4280-18 - Standard Specification for Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C28/C28M-10(2020) - Standard Specification for Gypsum Plasters
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM D244-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C1329/C1329M-23 - Standard Specification for Mortar Cement
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000
• Referred By: ASTM C928/C928M-20a - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
• Effective Date: 10-Feb-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 778 – 00
Standard Specification for
Standard Sand
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 778; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers standard sand for use in the 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
testing of hydraulic cements. 3.1.1 20–30 sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the to pass a 850-μm (No. 20) sieve and be retained on a 600-μm
standard. (No. 30) sieve.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in 3.1.2 graded sand, n—standard sand, predominantly graded
SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for between the 600-μm (No. 30) sieve and the 150-μm (No. 100)
Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of sieve.
measurements made in other units. 3.1.3 standard sand, n—silica sand, composed almost en-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the tirely of naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz, used
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the for preparing mortars in the testing of hydraulic cements.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Requirements
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1 Sand shall meet the requirements of Table 1 with respect
to grading, source of sand, and absence of undesirable air
2. Referenced Documents
entraining characteristics.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
STANDARD SANDS
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Specimens)
5. Apparatus
C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
3 5.1 Sieves—The sieves shall be standard 203-mm (8–in.)
Coarse Aggregate
diameter, full-height, wire-cloth sieves, conforming to the
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
3 requirements of Specification E 11, and of the following sizes:
Aggregates
1.18-mm (No. 16) 425-μm (No. 40)
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
850-μm (No. 20) 300-μm (No. 50)
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
600-μm (No. 30) 150-μm (No. 100)
Mortar
5.2 Sample Splitter—The sample splitter shall be of the
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
riffle type and shall have an even number of equal-width chutes
C 1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
that alternately discharge in opposite directions. The device
Determining Mass for Use in the Physical Testing of
shall have no fewer than eight chutes having a maximum
Hydraulic Cements
opening no greater than 13 mm, and a minimum opening at
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
least three times the diameter of the largest particle of sand in
poses
a sample to be split. It shall be equipped with a hopper or
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
straightedged pan by which a sample may be fed to the chutes
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
at a controlled rate, and two receptacles to hold the two halves
of the sample following splitting. The length of the hopper or
pan shall be approximately equal to the overall width of the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-1 on Cement
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of
assembly of chutes.
Standards.
5.3 Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass—
Current edition approved February 10, 2000. Published February 2000. Origi-
Reference masses and devices for determining mass shall
nally published as C 778 – 74 T. Last previous edition C 778 – 99a.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 778
TABLE 1 Standard Sand Requirements
concrete mixer of the drum type. Add sufficient water to cover
Characteristics 20-30 Sand Graded Sand the sand and mix for 2 min. Decant the water over a 75 μm
sieve and drain for 2 min. Repeat the washing and decanting
Grading, percent passing sieve:
1.18 mm (No. 16) 100 100
procedure four times. Tilt the mixer and drain the sand for 20
850 μm (No. 20) 85 to 100
min or longer. Determine the mass of damp sand and place it
600 μm (No. 30) 0 to 5 96 to 100
in approximately batch-sized quantities in separate containers.
425 μm (No. 40) 65 to 75
300 μm (No. 50) 20 to 30
Dry the sand to constant mass in an oven at 110°C. Cool and
150 μm (No. 100) 0 to 4
adjust the quantity of dry sand to the amount required for a test.
B
Difference in air content of mortars made 2.0 1.5
Prepare two batches of each of “washed” and as “as received”
with washed and unwashed sand, max,
A
% air
sand for test following the procedures in Test Method C 185 for
Source of sand Ottawa, IL or Ottawa, IL
20–30 sand or Test Method C 109/C 109M for graded sand.
LeSuer, MN
8.1.2 Tests for air-entraining potential of a standard sand
A
This determination is needed when contamination of sand is suspected as
discussed in 8.1. shall be made on a single day by a single operator.
B
Compressive strength of Test Method C 109/C 109M mortar made with
8.2 20–30 Sand—Prepare two batches of mortar with
Specification C 150 or C 595 cement will be reduced approximately 4 % for each
washed sand and two with “as received” sand in accordance
percent of air in the compacted cube. However, as many as three batches of
washed and three of unwashed sand may be needed to reliably detect a difference
with Test Method C 185. Compare the average air content for
in strength of 7 % between washed and unwashed sand mortars.
washed and unwashed sand mortars for compliance with limit
in Table 1.
conform to the requirements of Specification C 1005 as appro-
8.3 Graded Sand—Prepare two batches of mortar with
priate for the size of the sample the mass of which is to be
washed sand and two with “as received” sand in accordance
determined.
with Test Method C 109/C 109M. When Test Method C 109/
C 109M mortar cubes are removed from the molds, determine
6. Sampling
the density of a group of at least three cubes from each batch
6.1 Procedure—Pour an approximate quantity of sand from
by determining the mass of the cubes both in air and immersed
the ba
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