ASTM D4585-99

Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings using controlled condensation. Condensation is produced by exposing one surface of a coated specimen to a heated, saturated mixture of air and water vapor, while the reverse side of the specimen is exposed to the cooling effect of room temperature air. This practice is derived from research of the Cleveland Society for Coatings Technology.  
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions and procedures of controlled condensation tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.  Note 1-Alternative practices for testing water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D1735, and D2247.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1999
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.27 - Accelerated Testing

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4585-07 - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6686-01(2019) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resistance of Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1735-21 - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5367-16(2021) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Coatings Applied Over Surfaces Treated With Inhibitors Used to Prevent Flash Rusting of Steel When Water or Water/Abrasive Blasted
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7893-13(2018) - Standard Guide for Corrosion Test Panel Preparation, Testing, and Rating of Coil-Coated Building Products
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7072-04(2019) - Standard Practice for Evaluating Accelerated Efflorescence of Latex Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D1654-08(2016)e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D2247-15(2020) - Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative Humidity
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4585–99
Standard Practice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled
Condensation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4585; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering
Paints
1.1 This practice covers basic principles and operating
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
procedures for testing water resistance of coatings using
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
controlled condensation. Condensation is produced by expos-
D 870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
ing one surface of a coated specimen to a heated, saturated
Using Water Immersion
mixture of air and water vapor, while the reverse side of the
D 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
specimen is exposed to the cooling effect of room temperature
Specimens Subject to Corrosive Environment
air. This practice is derived from research of the Cleveland
D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
Society for Coatings Technology.
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining,
D 1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
measuring, and controlling conditions and procedures of con-
Using Water Fog Apparatus
trolled condensation tests. It does not specify specimen prepa-
D 2247 PracticeforTestingWaterResistanceofCoatingsIn
ration, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
100 % Relative Humidity
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing water resistance of coatings
D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
include Practices D 870, D 1735, and D 2247.
ence With a Gray Scale
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Test
information only.
D 3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Using Portable Adhesion-Testers
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
G 53 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-Exposure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sure of Nonmetallic Materials
2. Referenced Documents
3. Summary of Practice
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Watervaporisgeneratedbyheatingapanofwateratthe
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
bottom of the test chamber. The specimens form the roof or
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
walls of the test chamber so that the back sides of the
Related Coating Products
specimens are exposed to the cooling effects of room tempera-
D 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on
tureair.Theresultingheattransfercausesvaportocondenseon
Painted Steel Surfaces
the test specimens as liquid water saturated with air.
3.2 The temperature and amount of condensate forming on
the specimens is controlled by the test temperature and the
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and
room temperature. The test specimens are inclined so that
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
condensate runs off the test surface by gravity and is replaced
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published February 2000. Originally
by fresh condensate in a continuous process during the
published as D 4585 – 86. Last previous edition D 4585 – 97.
condensate cycle.
Foecking, N. J., “Cleveland Condensing Type Humidity Cabinet,” Offıcial
Digest, December 1963, Vol 35, No. 467, pp. 1318–1327; and Higgins, W. A.,
“Cleveland Condensing Type Humidity Cabinet: II,” Offıcial Digest, November
1965, Vol 37, No. 490, pp. 1392–1404.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
4 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4585
3.3 Exposure conditions are varied by selecting: (a) the
temperature of the test, (b) the duration of the test, and (c)
periodic drying of the specimens. Testing may be conducted at
temperatures from 100 to 180°F (38 to 82°C).Any effects such
as color change, blistering, loss of adhesion, softening, or
embrittlement are observed and reported.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Water can cause degradation of coatings, so knowledge
ofhowacoatingresistswaterishelpfulinpredictingitsservice
life. Failure in a condensation test may be caused by a number
of factors including a deficiency in the coating itself, contami-
nation of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The
test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or com-
plete coating systems.
4.2 Condensation tests of coatings are used for specification
acceptance, quality control, and research and development of
coatings and substrate treatments. These tests usually result in
a pass or fail determination but the degree of failure also may
FIG. 2 Apparatus Cross Section
be measured.Acoating system is considered to pass if there is
no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of
time.
ultraviolet lamps specified in Practice G 53 are turned off.
4.3 Results obtained from the use of condensation tests in
accordance with this practice should not be represented as
5.2 Specimens shall form the roof of the test chamber. If the
being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural specimens cannot completely fill all the openings, blank panels
environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has
shall be used. Certain substrates may deform from the heat and
been established for the coating or coating system. moisture. The specimens should be mounted to avoid gaps
4.4 The test is usually conducted on metal, plastics, or wood
between specimens that allow heat and moisture to escape.
specimens with the coating facing the inside of the chamber. Various types of tape can be used to seal the gaps that develop
However, it is possible to test the blister resistance of house
when the specimen deforms. Specimens shall be inclined from
paints on wood specimens by mounting the uncoated wood 15 to 75° from the horizontal and arranged so that condensate
surface facing the inside of the chamber.
is returned to the water pan without dripping on other speci-
4.5 This practice can be used for corrosion tests particularly mens.
if the specimens are periodically dried. While corrosion prod-
5.3 Water Supply, with water level control. The water
ucts will drain into the water bath, they are not carried into the quality should be agreed upon be
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