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ASTM D8136-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Plastic Film Thickness and Thickness Variability Using a Non-Contact Capacitance Thickness Gauge

Standard Test Method for Determining Plastic Film Thickness and Thickness Variability Using a Non-Contact Capacitance Thickness Gauge

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides precise dimensions necessary for the calculation of properties expressed in physical units.  
5.2 This test method provides a means to characterize the variability of the material thickness in the transverse and machine directions for quality control purposes, production process support and analysis, incoming product inspection and for defining variability for buying/selling film.  
5.3 This test method provides a method for instrument calibration utilizing traceable standards available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).  
5.4 It is not intended to replace other thickness measurements based on commercial portable tools, nor is it implied that thickness measurements made by different procedures will exactly agree.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thickness of plastic film, ranging in thickness from 2.5 to 250 µm, with a non-contact thickness gauge that uses capacitance-based technology. It includes a method to generate a series of thickness data points that can be used to characterize the variability patterns of film for both transverse or machine direction (profiling).
Note 1: Thicker specimens, typically 250 µm to 2500 µm thick, can utilize this test method if the apparatus is designed to measure and handle materials of this thickness range, and the apparatus complies with the requirements as defined in this standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a method for buyers and sellers of film to communicate the thickness and pattern of thickness variability of the product they are buying/selling.  
1.3 This test method does not apply to textured or porous films or films that are conductive or coated with a conductive substance.
Note 2: Films that contain excessive levels of anti-static additive can be conductive and need to be tested to verify that they do not cause a negative reading on the instrument.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 3: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2017
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Nov-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2018
Refers
ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Feb-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Aug-2019
Refers
ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020

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ASTM D8136-17 - Standard Test Method for Determining Plastic Film Thickness and Thickness Variability Using a Non-Contact Capacitance Thickness GaugeASTM D8136-17 - Standard Test Method for Determining Plastic Film Thickness and Thickness Variability Using a Non-Contact Capacitance Thickness Gauge
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ASTM D8136-17 - Standard Test Method for Determining Plastic Film Thickness and Thickness Variability Using a Non-Contact Capacitance Thickness Gauge
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8136 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining Plastic Film Thickness and Thickness
Variability Using a Non-Contact Capacitance Thickness
1
Gauge
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8136; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thick-
ness of plastic film, ranging in thickness from 2.5 to 250 µm,
2. Referenced Documents
withanon-contactthicknessgaugethatusescapacitance-based
2
technology. It includes a method to generate a series of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thickness data points that can be used to characterize the
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
variability patterns of film for both transverse or machine
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
direction (profiling).
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
Gradient Technique
NOTE 1—Thicker specimens, typically 250 µm to 2500 µm thick, can
D4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards (Withdrawn
utilize this test method if the apparatus is designed to measure and handle
3
materials of this thickness range, and the apparatus complies with the 2002)
requirements as defined in this standard.
D6988 GuideforDeterminationofThicknessofPlasticFilm
Test Specimens
1.2 This test method provides a method for buyers and
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
sellers of film to communicate the thickness and pattern of
ASTM Test Methods
thickness variability of the product they are buying/selling.
E252 Test Method for Thickness of Foil, Thin Sheet, and
1.3 This test method does not apply to textured or porous
Film by Mass Measurement
films or films that are conductive or coated with a conductive
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
substance.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 2—Films that contain excessive levels of anti-static additive can
2.2 ISO Standard:
be conductive and need to be tested to verify that they do not cause a
4
ISO 472 Plastics—Vocabulary
negative reading on the instrument.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
this standard. 3.1 Definitions—See Terminologies D883, D4805, D6988,
and ISO 472 for definitions pertinent to this test method.
NOTE 3—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 calibration, n—set of operations that establishes, un-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
der specified conditions, the relationship between values mea-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sured or indicated by an instrument or system and the corre-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
sponding reference standard or known values derived from the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
appropriate reference standards.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the the ASTM website.
3
direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Products. www.astm.org.
4
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D8136-17. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8136 − 17
FIG. 1 Leader Attached to a Specimen with Tape
FIG. 2 Illustration of the Machine/Downweb Direction and the Transverse/Crossweb Direction
3.2.2 calibration recipe, n—computer-storedcalibrationthat 3.2.8 measurem
...

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This specification covers nonrigid, unsupported vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting in which the resin portion of the composition contains at least 90 % vinyl chloride. The remaining 10 % may include one or more monomers copolymerized with vinyl chloride, or consist of other resins mechanically blended together with poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof. The film and sheeting covered herein shall be 0.075 to 0.25 mm (3 to 10 mils) in thickness for film and greater than 0.25 mm in thickness for sheet, and shall include the stabilizers and plasticizers necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. The material may be transparent, translucent, or opaque, and may be plain, printed, embossed, or otherwise surface treated. This specification designates three general-purpose types of vinyl chloride film and sheeting - calendered, extruded, and cast. The materials shall be tested for its tensile strength and elongation at rapture, tear resistance, volatile loss, water extraction, low temperature impact, burning rate, shrinkage, and color fastness to rubbing.
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Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Test Methods A and B are used to establish the weight of the dart when 50 % of the specimens fail under the conditions specified. Data obtained by one test method cannot be compared directly with the other test method nor with those obtained from tests employing different conditions of missile velocity, impinging surface diameter, effective specimen diameter, material construction and finish of the dart head, and film thickness. The values obtained by these test variables are highly dependent on the method of film fabrication.  
4.2 The results obtained by Test Methods A and B are greatly influenced by the quality of film under test. The confidence limits of data obtained by this procedure can, therefore, vary significantly, depending on the sample quality, uniformity of film gage, die marks, contaminants, etc.  
4.3 Test Methods A and B have been found useful for specification purposes.  
Note 4: With sufficient data, correlation between test results and field performance can usually be established.  
4.4 The impact resistance of plastic film, while partly dependent on thickness, has no simple correlation with sample thickness. Hence, impact values cannot be normalized over a range of thickness without producing misleading data as to the actual impact resistance of the material. Data from these test methods are comparable only for specimens that vary by no more than ±25 % from the nominal or average thickness of the specimens tested.  
4.5 Several impact test methods are used for film. It is sometimes desirable to know the relationships among test results derived by different test methods. A study was conducted in which four films made from two resins (polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene), with two film thicknesses for each resin, were impacted using Test Methods D1709 (Method A), D3420 (Procedures A and B), and D4272. The test results are shown in the Appendix. Differences in results between Test Methods D1709 and D4272 are not unusual since...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the energy that causes plastic film to fail under specified conditions of impact of a free-falling dart. This energy is expressed in terms of the weight (mass) of the missile falling from a specified height which would result in 50 % failure of specimens tested.  
1.2 Two test methods are described:  
1.2.1 Test Method A employs a dart with a 38.10 ± 0.13-mm (1.500 ± 0.005-in.) diameter hemispherical head dropped from a height of 0.66 ± 0.01 m (26.0 ± 0.4 in.). This test method can be used for films whose impact resistances require masses of about 50 g to about 6 kg to fracture them.  
1.2.2 Test Method B employs a dart with a 50.80 ± 0.13-mm (2.000 ± 0.005-in.) diameter hemispherical head dropped from a height of 1.52 ± 0.03 m (60.0 + 0.25, −1.70 in.). Its range of applicability is from about 0.3 kg to about 6 kg.  
1.3 Two testing techniques are described:  
1.3.1 The standard technique is the staircase method. By this technique, the missile weight employed during the test is decreased or increased by uniform increments after the testing of each specimen, depending upon the result (fail or not fail) observed for the specimen.  
1.3.2 The alternative technique provides for testing specimens in successive groups of ten. One missile weight is employed for each group and the missile weight is varied in uniform increments from group to group.  
1.3.3 The staircase technique and the alternative technique give equivalent results both as to the values of impact failure weight which are obtained and as to the precisions with which they are determined.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: Tests on materials that do not break, for any reason, are not considered to be valid. It has been noted that certain materials may stretch so far as to bottom out at the base of certain ...

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  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off