ASTM D5856-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Porous Material Using a Rigid-Wall, Compaction-Mold Permeameter (Withdrawn 2024)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Porous Material Using a Rigid-Wall, Compaction-Mold Permeameter (Withdrawn 2024)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method applies to one-dimensional, laminar flow of water within laboratory-compacted, porous materials such as soil.
4.2 The hydraulic conductivity of porous materials generally decreases with an increasing amount of air in the pores of the material. This test method applies to porous materials containing little or no air. The test method is designed to minimize the amount of air in the test specimen. However, this test method does not ensure complete saturation of the test specimen with water. In cases where it is essential to saturate the test specimen fully with water, the compacted specimen may be tested using Test Method D5084.
4.3 This test method applies to permeation of porous materials with water. Permeation with other liquids, such as chemical wastes, can be accomplished using procedures similar to those described in this test method. However, this test method is only intended to be used when water is the permeant liquid.
4.4 It is assumed that Darcy's law is valid and that the hydraulic conductivity is essentially unaffected by hydraulic gradient. The validity of Darcy’s law may be evaluated by measuring the hydraulic conductivity of the specimen at three hydraulic gradients; if all measured values are similar (within 25 %), then Darcy’s law may be taken as valid. However, when the hydraulic gradient acting on a test specimen is changed, the state of stress will also change, and, if the specimen or pore fluid is compressible, the volume of the test specimen or pore fluid will change. Thus, some change in hydraulic conductivity may occur when the hydraulic gradient is altered, even in cases where Darcy’s law is valid.
4.5 One potential problem with this method of testing is the possibility that water will flow along the interface between the test specimen and the compaction/permeameter ring. The problem tends to be of minimal significance for materials that swell when exposed to water (for example, compacted, clayey soils) but can...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coefficient of permeability) of laboratory-compacted materials with a rigid-wall, compaction-mold permeameter.
1.2 This test method may be used with laboratory-compacted specimens that have a hydraulic conductivity less than or equal to 1 × 10−5 m/s. The hydraulic conductivity of compacted materials that have hydraulic conductivities greater than 1 × 10−5 m/s may be determined by Test Method D2434.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically given. By tradition in U.S. practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in cm/s, although the common SI units for hydraulic conductivity are m/s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers laboratory measurement of the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coefficient of permeability) of laboratory-compacted materials with a rigid-wall, compaction-mold permeameter.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this test method was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5856 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Porous Material
1
Using a Rigid-Wall, Compaction-Mold Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5856; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the
D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coeffıcient of per-
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
meability)oflaboratory-compactedmaterialswitharigid-wall,
D2434Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
compaction-mold permeameter.
3
(Constant Head) (Withdrawn 2015)
1.2 This test method may be used with laboratory-
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
compacted specimens that have a hydraulic conductivity less
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
−5
than or equal to 1×10 m/s. The hydraulic conductivity of
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
compacted materials that have hydraulic conductivities greater
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
−5
than 1×10 m/s may be determined by Test Method D2434.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
Construction Materials Testing
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as the standard, unless other units are specifically given. By D5084Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
tradition in U.S. practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in
cm/s,althoughthecommonSIunitsforhydraulicconductivity Wall Permeameter
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
are m/s.
Ventilation Ovens
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.1 hydraulic conductivity, k—the rate of discharge of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
water under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-
sectional area of a porous medium under a unit hydraulic
2. Referenced Documents
2 gradient and standard temperature conditions (20°C).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The term coeffıcient of permeability is
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
often used instead of hydraulic conductivity, but hydraulic
Fluids
conductivity is used exclusively in this test method. A more
D698Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3 complete discussion of the terminology associated with Dar-
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
4
3 cy’s law is given in the literature .
kN-m/m ))
D854Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by 3.1.2 For common definitions of technical terms in this
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
Water Pycnometer
D1557Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 flux—quantity of flow per unit area per unit time.
3.2.2 pore volume of flow—the cumulative quantity of
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland outflow from a test specimen divided by the volume of pore
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic
space in the specimen.
Properties and Hydraulic Barriers.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved
in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5856–95(2007). DOI:
3
10.1520/D5856-15. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Olson, R. E., and Daniel, D. E., “Measurement of the Hydraulic Conductivity
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on ofFine-GrainedSoils,” Symposium on Permeability and Groundwater Contaminant
the ASTM website. Transport, ASTM STP 746, ASTM, 1981, pp. 18–64.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5856 − 15
provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
4. Significance and Use
4.1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5856 − 95 (Reapproved 2007) D5856 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Porous Material
1
Using a Rigid-Wall, Compaction-Mold Permeameter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5856; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coeffıcient of permeability)
of laboratory-compacted materials with a rigid-wall, compaction-mold permeameter.
1.2 This test method may be used with laboratory-compacted specimens that have a hydraulic conductivity less than or equal
−5 −5
to 1 × 10 m/s. The hydraulic conductivity of compacted materials that have hydraulic conductivities greater than 1 × 10 m/s
may be determined by Test Method D2434.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically given. By tradition
in U.S. practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in centimetres per second, cm/s, although the common SI units for hydraulic
conductivity are metres per second.m/s.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
3
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head) (Withdrawn 2015)
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall
Permeameter
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Definitions:
3.1.1 flux—quantity of flow per unit area per unit time.
3.1.1 hydraulic conductivity, k—the rate of discharge of water under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area
of a porous medium under a unit hydraulic gradient and standard temperature conditions (20°C).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic Properties
and Hydraulic Barriers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007June 1, 2015. Published July 2007July 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
e1
D5856–95(2002)D5856–95(2007). . DOI: 10.1520/D5856-95R07.10.1520/D5856-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5856 − 15
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The term coeffıcient of permeability is often used instead of hydraulic conductivity ,conductivity, but hydraulic conductivity is used
exclusively in this test method. A more complete discussion of the terminology associated with Darcy’s law is given in the
4
literature .
3.1.3 pore volume of flow—the cumulative quantity of outflow from a test specimen divided by the volume of pore space in the
specimen.
3.1.2 For common definitions of othertechnical terms used in this test met
...
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