ASTM D4675-06e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide assists the user in selecting a strapping material and configuration for initial handling, transit, and storage tests. It describes general unit (load) types, strapping properties, unit-strapping interaction, weight considerations, unit shear planes, component frictional characteristics, and unit geometry.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on flat strapping materials (steel or nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and applied configuration for use in packaging (closing, reinforcing, baling, unitizing, or palletizing) and loading (load unitization and securement to transport vehicle) applications. The use applies to handling, securement, storage, and distribution systems.
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging and loading requirements that in some cases specify a type of strap, the minimum size or strength, or both, and type of joint or seal, or both, that must be used for certain types of shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable, published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their own requirements (see 2.2).
1.3 Limitations This guide is not intended to give specific information as to how strapping must be used in any particular packaging or loading situation. Rather it is intended to be informational in nature and is offered as a starting point for testing. The need for thorough user testing is to be emphasized as is a review of pertinent regulations that can influence the selection of sizes, types, and possibly, application methods.
1.4 The sections in this guide appear in the following order:
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 5 and Note 13.1 and 15.3.
General Information
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Designation:D4675–06
Standard Guide for
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Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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e NOTE—The term “polyolefin” was replaced with “polypropylene” throughout editorially in January 2007.
INTRODUCTION
This guide covers two common categories of strapping materials: flat carbon steel and nonmetallic
strapping. Within each of these two broad categories, there are distinct types that lend themselves to
particular applications to differing degrees.
The goal of this guide is to help the user focus on the desired elements of performance or service,
and the unique properties of each strapping material in order to judge which of these strapping
materials is best suited for the application. Contact your supplier for further information.
It is recognized that there are other materials (not covered) that may also offer acceptable solutions
or may be used in conjunction with flat strapping.Also, examples of ancillary materials are shown in
Fig. 1.
Strapping may be recyclable. Contact your supplier for further information.
1. Scope testing. The need for thorough user testing is to be emphasized
as is a review of pertinent regulations that can influence the
1.1 This guide covers information on flat strapping materi-
selection of sizes, types, and possibly, application methods.
als (steel or nonmetallic) for the prospective user wanting
1.4 The sections in this guide appear in the following order:
initial guidance in selecting a strapping material and applied
Section
configurationforuseinpackaging(closing,reinforcing,baling,
Scope 1
unitizing, or palletizing) and loading (load unitization and
Referenced Documents 2
securement to transport vehicle) applications. The use applies
Terminology 3
Significance and Use 4
to handling, securement, storage, and distribution systems.
Safety Hazards 5
1.2 Carrier associations have established certain packaging
General Considerations:
and loading requirements that in some cases specify a type of Properties of Strap Types 6
General Uses 7
strap, the minimum size or strength, or both, and type of joint
Strap Tension 8
or seal, or both, that must be used for certain types of
Packaging Design:
shipments or under certain conditions. Users should consult Distribution 9
Package Configuration 10
with their carriers initially to determine if there are applicable,
Strap Selection 11
published requirements. Individual carriers may establish their
Joining Methods and Properties
own requirements (see 2.2).
Joint Methods and Properties (except loop joint) 12
Loop Joint and Seal Properties 13
1.3 Limitations—This guide is not intended to give specific
Coatings:
information as to how strapping must be used in any particular
Strap Coatings and Purposes 14
packaging or loading situation. Rather it is intended to be Application:
Equipment for Strap Application 15
informational in nature and is offered as a starting point for
Strap Application 16
Testing and Evaluation:
Testing and Developing Final Package Design 17
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ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD10onPackagingand
Evaluation of Strap Failure 18
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing and Unitizing of
Keywords 19
Loads.
Supplementary Guideline S1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4675 – 03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4675–06
FIG. 1 Applications for Steel and Nonmetallic Strapping
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D4675–06
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: The
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for following refer to the characteristics and properties of strap-
information only.
ping materials. These can be objectively measured to some
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the extent and are used to rank the relative effectiveness of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
different strapping materials in different applications. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
definitions given here are for the purposes of this guide only
priate safety and health practices and determine the app
...
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