ASTM D6728-16(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Operating experience of gas turbines and diesel engines has shown that some of the ash-forming substances present in a fuel can lead to high temperature corrosion, ash deposition, and fuel system fouling. Ash-forming materials may be in a fuel as oil-soluble metallo-organic compounds as water-soluble salts or as solid foreign contamination. Their presence and concentration varies with the geographical source of a crude oil and they are concentrated in the residual fractions during the refining process. Although distillate fuel oils are typically contaminant free, ash-forming materials may be introduced later in the form of salt-bearing water or by contact with other petroleum products during transportation and storage. Specifications of gas turbine and diesel engine fuels and the significance of contamination and trace metals are detailed in Specifications D2880 and D975.
5.1.1 Pre-conditioning of the fuel before it reaches the gas turbine or diesel engine has become a prerequisite for installations that use heavy petroleum fuel, and also for sites that use light distillate fuel oils. On-site fuel analysis to determine the extent of contamination is an integral part of a fuel quality management program. It is used first to determine the extent of the required treatment, and later, the effectiveness of the treatment. It starts with the delivery of the fuel, continues throughout fuel handling and ends only as the fuel is injected into the turbine or engine.
5.1.2 Fuel contamination specifications vary among the different gas turbine manufacturers. However, without exception, each requires that contaminants must be as low as possible. In most power generation installations, it is the owner who has the responsibility of verifying fuel cleanliness in compliance with the turbine manufacturer's warranty specifications. This leads to an on-site analytical instrument performance requirement of below 1.0 mg/kg for several elements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of contaminants and materials as a result of corrosion in gas turbine or diesel engine fuels by rotating disc electrode atomic emission spectroscopy (RDE-AES).
1.1.1 The test method is applicable to ASTM Grades 0-GT, 1-GT, 2-GT, 3-GT, and 4-GT gas turbine fuels and Grades Low Sulfur No. 1-D, Low Sulfur No. 2-D, No. 1-D, No. 2-D, and No. 4-D diesel fuel oils.
1.1.1.1 Trace metal limits of fuel entering turbine combustor(s) are given as 0.5 mg/kg each for vanadium, sodium + potassium, calcium, and lead in Specification D2880 for all GT grades.
1.1.2 This test method provides a rapid at-site determination of contamination and corrosive elements ranging from fractions of mg/kg to hundreds of mg/kg in gas turbine and diesel engine fuels so the fuel quality and level of required treatment can be determined.
1.1.3 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine or detect insoluble particles.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units for concentration are mg/kg (ppm by mass).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6728 − 16 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel
Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6728; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of contami-
nants and materials as a result of corrosion in gas turbine or
2. Referenced Documents
diesel engine fuels by rotating disc electrode atomic emission
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
spectroscopy (RDE-AES).
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
1.1.1 The test method is applicable to ASTM Grades 0-GT,
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
1-GT,2-GT,3-GT,and4-GTgasturbinefuelsandGradesLow
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Sulfur No. 1-D, Low Sulfur No. 2-D, No. 1-D, No. 2-D, and
Petroleum Products
No. 4-D diesel fuel oils.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.1.1.1 Trace metal limits of fuel entering turbine combus-
Petroleum Products
tor(s) are given as 0.5 mg⁄kg each for vanadium, sodium +
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
potassium, calcium, and lead in Specification D2880 for all GT
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
grades.
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.1.2 Thistestmethodprovidesarapidat-sitedetermination
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
of contamination and corrosive elements ranging from frac-
Measurement System Performance
tions of mg/kg to hundreds of mg/kg in gas turbine and diesel
engine fuels so the fuel quality and level of required treatment
3. Terminology
can be determined.
1.1.3 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibra- 3.1 Definitions:
tion and does not purport to quantitatively determine or detect 3.1.1 burn, vt—in emission spectroscopy, to vaporize and
insoluble particles.
excite a specimen with sufficient energy to generate spectral
radiation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.1.2 calibration, n—the determination of the values of the
significant parameters by comparison with values indicated by
standard.The preferred units for concentration are mg/kg (ppm
by mass). a set of reference standards.
3.1.3 calibration curve, n—the graphical or mathematical
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
representation of a relationship between the assigned (known)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
values of standards and the measured responses from the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measurement system.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 calibration standard, n—a standard having an ac-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
cepted value (reference value) for use in calibrating a measure-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ment instrument or system.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.5 detection limit, n—the smallest concentration of an
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
element that can be measured for specific analysis conditions
and data collection periods.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D6728 – 16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6728-16R21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6728 − 16 (2021)
3.1.6 emission spectroscopy, n—measurement of energy cance of contamination and trace metals are detailed in
spectrum emitted by or from an object under some form of Specifications D28
...
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