ASTM D1384-05(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
Standard Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method will generally distinguish between coolants that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion standpoint and those that are suitable for further evaluation. However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as evidence of satisfactory corrosion inhibition. The actual service value of an engine coolant formulation can be determined only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and field tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure for evaluating the effects of engine coolants on metal specimens under controlled laboratory conditions (see Appendix X1).
Note 1: For more information on engine coolants, see (Refs 1-8).2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 10.1.7.2, 10.1.7.3, and 10.1.7.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1384 − 05 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E230Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure
G31Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of
for evaluating the effects of engine coolants on metal speci-
Metals
mens under controlled laboratory conditions (see Appendix
X1).
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
2 All-glass apparatus for corrosion test (2 drawings)
NOTE 1—For more information on engine coolants, see (Refs 1-8).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard. 3.1 Inthistestmethod,specimensofmetalstypicalofthose
present in engine cooling systems are totally immersed in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
aerated engine coolant solutions for 336 h at 88°C (190°F).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The corrosion-inhibitive properties of the test solution are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
evaluated on the basis of the weight changes incurred by the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
specimens.Eachtestisrunintriplicate,andtheaverageweight
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
change is determined for each metal. A single test may
Specifichazardsstatementsaregivenin10.1.7.2,10.1.7.3,and
occasionally be completely out of line (see 11.2).
10.1.7.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 This test method will generally distinguish between
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
coolants that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
standpoint and those that are suitable for further evaluation.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as
evidence of satisfactory corrosion inhibition. The actual ser-
2. Referenced Documents
vice value of an engine coolant formulation can be determined
2.1 ASTM Standards:
only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and field
B32Specification for Solder Metal
tests.
B36/B36MSpecification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And
Rolled Bar
5. Apparatus
D1176Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
tionsofEngineCoolantsorAntirustsforTestingPurposes
5.1 Container—A 1000 mL, tall-form, spoutless beaker,
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
made of heat-resistant glass, for containing the engine coolant
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
solution and test specimens. The beaker shall be tightly closed
with a No. 15 rubber stopper, having drill holes to accommo-
date a water condenser, an aerator tube, and a thermometer as
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
shown in Fig. 1. Optionally, an all-glass apparatus may be
D15.06 on Glassware Performance Tests. 4
used.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1384–05 (2012).
5.2 Condenser—Awater condenser of the reflux, glass-tube
DOI: 10.1520/D1384–05R19.
type, having a 400 mm (16 in.) condenser jacket.
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
this standard.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Details available from:ASTM International Headquarters. OrderAdjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD1384. Original adjunct produced in (1980).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1384 − 05 (2019)
6. Metal Test Specimens
NOTE 2—The specimens prescribed in this test method have been
accepted by automobile manufacturers, but their composition may not be
the same as that of alloys currently used for engine cooling system
components.Therefore, specimens other than those designated in this test
method may be used by mutual agreement of the parties involved.
6.1 Type—The following metal test specimens, representa-
tive of cooling system metals, shall be used:
6.1.1 Steel, UNS G10200 (SAE 1020), cut from 1.59 mm
( ⁄16-in.) cold-rolled sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by
1 in.). Chemical composition of the carbon steel is as follows:
carbon, 0.17 to 0.23 %; manganese, 0.30 to 0.60 %;
phosphorus, 0.040% maximum; sulfur, 0.050% maximum.
6.1.2 Copper, conforming to UNS C11000 (SAE CA110)
or UNS C11300 (SAE CA113) . Cold-rolled, cut from 1.59
mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
6.1.3 Brass, conforming to Alloy UNS C26000 (SAE CA
260). Half-hard,cutfrom1.59mm( ⁄16in.)sheetstocktosize
50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
6.1.4 Solder—A brass specimen as described in 6.1.3,
coated with solder conforming toAlloy Grade 30A(SAE 3A)
of Specification B32. Solder-coated specimens may be
prepared, or used specimens recoated for reuse, by the proce-
duregiveninAnnexA1.Asolidsolderspecimencutfrom1.59
mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock ofAlloy Grade 30A(SAE 3A) to size
50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.) may be used subject to mutual
agreement of the parties involved. The use of a solid solder
specimen must be reported along with the metal specimen
weight loss results.
FIG. 1 Metal Specimens and Equipment for the 336 h Corrosion
6.1.4.1 When agreed upon between the supplier and the
Test
purchaser of engine coolants, the standard solder specimen
may be replaced with one having a different alloy composition
thanstandardAlloyGrade30Aor30B.Useofspecimensother
5.3 Aerator Tube—A gas-dispersion tube, porosity size thanstandardAlloyGrade30Aor30Bshallbenotedinthetest
12-C, to ensure continuous aeration without plugging. report.
5.4 Temperature Measuring Instrument (Environmentally
NOTE 3—Where non-standard alloy is used, the standard flux shown in
A1.1.5 may not be satisfactory. A low corrosive flux may be required.
Safe Thermometer or Thermocouple)—An ASTM Partial Im-
mersion Temperature Measuring Instrument having a range
6.1.5 Cast Aluminum, conforming to Alloy UNS A23190
from−20 to 150°C (0 to 302°F) and conforming to the
(SAE 329). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1
requirements for Thermometer 1C (1F), as prescribed in
by ⁄8 in.).
Specification E1 or Thermocouple as summarized in Specifi-
6.1.6 Cast Iron, conforming to Alloy UNS F10007 (SAE
cation E230.
G3500). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1 by
⁄8 in.).
5.5 Heater—Aconstant-temperaturebathcontainingahigh-
boiling liquid (see Note 2) that is capable of giving continuous
6.2 Arrangement (See Fig. 2):
service with the specified temperature control. The size of the
6.2.1 Metal Specimen Arrangement—None of the hardware
bath will be determined by the number of corrosion tests that
used in metal specimen arrangement (metal specimen, screws,
are to be run concurrently.
washers, metal spacers, insulating sleeves, insulating spacers
and nuts) can be reused for a test. The metal test specimens
shall be drilled through the center with a 6.75 mm ( ⁄64 in.)
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
drill to accommodate a 50.8 mm (2 in.) 10–24 brass machine
is the Corning Glass Works. Gas-dispersion tube No. 39533, manufactured by the
Corning Glass Works, 44-5 Crystal St., Corning, NY, has generally has been found
satisfactory for this purpose. Optionally, a capillary tip bleed tube with 0.28 in. (7
mm)boreand11.2in.(280mm)lengthmaybeusedwhenconsistentearlyplugging Complete sets or individual metal test specimens are available from (a)
of gas dispersion tubes occurs. The tube, catalog No. 7815-19, may be obtained ChemicalSpecialtiesManufacturersAssociation,Inc.,Suite1120,1001Connecticut
from the Corning GlassWorks, Corning, NY14830. If you are aware of alternative Ave., N.W., Washington, DC20036; (b) Astro-Mechanics, Inc., 8500 Research
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Blvd., Austin, TX78766; (c) The Metaspec Company, P.O. Box 27707, San
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible Antonio,TX78227;or(d)MetalSamplesCo.Inc.,P.O.Box8,Munford,AL36268.
1 8
technical committee, which you may attend. UNIFIED numbering system for metals and alloys, SAE-ASTM, July 1995.
6 9
If a water bath is used, a significant reduction in evaporation rate is achieved Round-robin evaluation of coated solder report is available from ASTM
by addition of floating plastic chips on the water surface. Headquarters. Request RR:D15-0132.
D1384 − 05 (2019)
until the entire metal area is bright, shiny, and free from any
visible oxide film or tarnish.
7.2 Rinse the specimens thoroughly with tap water; then
rinse with acetone, dry, and weigh to the nearest 1 mg. Cast
aluminum specimens should be dried in a 100°C oven for 1 h,
to a constant weight, prior to recording the weight.
NOTE 4—If the test specimens are not to be used immediately, keep
them in a desiccator until required.
8. Test Solutions
8.1 The concentration of the engine coolant to be tested
shall be as follows:
8.1.1 Engine Coolant—The engine coolant, EG or PG
based, shall be mixed with the proper quantity of corrosive
FIG. 2 Metal Specimen Arrangement
water to give a 33 ⁄3 volume % coolant test solution.
8.1.2 Corrosive Water (Note 4)—The corrosive water shall
contain100ppmeachofsulfate,chloride,andbicarbonateions
screw covered with a thin-walled insulating sleeve. Tetrafluo- introduced as sodium salts.
roethylenetubingwitha6.35mm( ⁄4in.)outsidediameter1.59
8.2 Preparation of Sample—The preparation of the sample
1 1
mm ( ⁄16 in.) wide and a wall thickness of 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.) is
shall be done in accordance with the section on Preparation of
satisfactory. Two half-hard brass legs shall be cut from 1.59
Solutions Requiring Inclusion of Separated Solids and Liquids
mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
inTest Method D1176, except that the corrosive water shall be
A 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) diameter hole shall be drilled in each leg
used for dilution instead of distilled water.Thus, any insoluble
1 1
with the center 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) from the top and 12.7 mm ( ⁄2
materials will be included in the representative sample.
in.) from each side. The test “bundle” shall be made up on the
NOTE 5—The specified corrosive water can be prepared by dissolving
insulated screw with the specimens in the following order:
the following amounts of anhydrous sodium salts in a quantity of distilled
brass leg, copper, solder, brass, steel, cast iron, cast aluminum,
or deionized water.
and brass leg. The specimens shall be separated by 4.76 mm
sodium sulfate 148 mg
3 17
( ⁄16-in.) thick solid metal spacers having a 6.75 mm ( ⁄64 in.)
sodium chloride 165 mg
inside diameter and a 11.11 mm ( ⁄16 in.) outside diameter. sodium bicarbonate 138 mg
Insulating spacers made from tetrafluoroethylene shall be used
The resulting solution should be made up to a volume of 1 L with
between the brass legs and the specimen “bundle,” and
distilled or deionized water at 20°C.
between the brass and steel specimens. Brass spacers shall be If relatively large amounts of corrosive water are needed for testing, a
concentratemaybepreparedbydissolvingtentimestheaboveamountsof
usedbetweenthebrass,solder,andcopperspecimens,andsteel
the three chemicals, in distilled or deionized water, and adjusting the total
spacers between the cast iron, steel, and cast aluminum
volume to 1 L by further additions of distilled or deionized water. When
specimens. The nut shall be tightened firmly to ensure good
needed, the water concentrate is diluted to the ratio of one part by volume
electricalcontactbetweenthetestspecimensineachsectionof
of concentrate to nine parts of distilled or deionized water.
the “bundle.”
9. Test Conditions
6.2.2 Alternate Metal Specimen Arrangement—When
agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser, an
9.1 Beaker Assembly—The arrangement of the assembled
alternate metal specimen arrangement may be used to evaluate
metal specimens with relation to the aerator tube and other
multiple solder alloys, such as high leadAlloy Grade L50113
components is shown in Fig. 1. Note that the tip of the
consisting of 97% lead, 2.5% tin, 0.3% silver, concurrently
condenser just emerges from the bottom of the rubber stopper.
withStandardAlloyGrade30Aor30B.Itisrecommendedthat
9.2 Test Temperature—Thetestsolutionshallbemaintained
the metal specimen arrangement be modified by replacing the
at a temperature of 88 6 2°C (190 6 5°F).
copper specimen with the high lead solder specimen and
9.3 Aeration Rate—The aeration rate shall be 100 6 10
arranging specimens in the bundle as follows:
mL/min. The aerator tube should be located at least 12.7 mm
High Lead Brass Alloy Grade Steel Cast Iron Cast
( ⁄2in.)awayfromthetest“bundle”toavoiddirectcontactwith
Solder 30A or 30B Aluminum
the metal specimens.
Use of alternate specimens and metal specimens arrange-
ments shall be noted in the test report.
9.4 Test Duration—The test shall be run continuously for 2
weeks (336 h).
7. Preparation of Test Specimens
10. Procedure
7.1 Sand the cast iron and cast aluminum specimens on the
25.4 by 50.8 mm (1 by 2 in.) cut surfaces with “coarse” grade 10.1 Make triplicate tests concurrently on each engine
(No.1)emerycloth.Removeanyburrsfromcouponedgesand coolant solution in accordance with the following procedure:
hole.Scruballspecimensvigorously,usingamoistenedbristle 10.1.1 Carefully clean the test beaker, condenser, rubber
brush and ground pumice powder or fine silicon carbide grit stopper, and aerator tube, and thoroughly rins
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1384 − 05 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force
(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure
G31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of
for evaluating the effects of engine coolants on metal speci-
Metals
mens under controlled laboratory conditions (see Appendix
X1).
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
2 All-glass apparatus for corrosion test (2 drawings)
NOTE 1—For more information on engine coolants, see (Refs 1-8).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
provided for information only and are not considered standard. 3.1 In this test method, specimens of metals typical of those
present in engine cooling systems are totally immersed in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
aerated engine coolant solutions for 336 h at 88 °C (190 °F).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The corrosion-inhibitive properties of the test solution are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
evaluated on the basis of the weight changes incurred by the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
specimens. Each test is run in triplicate, and the average weight
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
change is determined for each metal. A single test may
Specific hazards statements are given in 10.1.7.2, 10.1.7.3, and
occasionally be completely out of line (see 11.2).
10.1.7.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 This test method will generally distinguish between
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
coolants that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
standpoint and those that are suitable for further evaluation.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as
evidence of satisfactory corrosion inhibition. The actual ser-
2. Referenced Documents
vice value of an engine coolant formulation can be determined
2.1 ASTM Standards:
only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and field
B32 Specification for Solder Metal
tests.
B36/B36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And
Rolled Bar
5. Apparatus
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
tions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes
5.1 Container—A 1000 mL, tall-form, spoutless beaker,
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
made of heat-resistant glass, for containing the engine coolant
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
solution and test specimens. The beaker shall be tightly closed
with a No. 15 rubber stopper, having drill holes to accommo-
date a water condenser, an aerator tube, and a thermometer as
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
shown in Fig. 1. Optionally, an all-glass apparatus may be
D15.06 on Glassware Performance Tests.
used.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1384–05 (2012).
5.2 Condenser—A water condenser of the reflux, glass-tube
DOI: 10.1520/D1384–05R19.
2 type, having a 400 mm (16 in.) condenser jacket.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
this standard.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Details available from: ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD1384. Original adjunct produced in (1980).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1384 − 05 (2019)
6. Metal Test Specimens
NOTE 2—The specimens prescribed in this test method have been
accepted by automobile manufacturers, but their composition may not be
the same as that of alloys currently used for engine cooling system
components. Therefore, specimens other than those designated in this test
method may be used by mutual agreement of the parties involved.
6.1 Type—The following metal test specimens, representa-
tive of cooling system metals, shall be used:
6.1.1 Steel, UNS G10200 (SAE 1020), cut from 1.59 mm
( ⁄16-in.) cold-rolled sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by
1 in.). Chemical composition of the carbon steel is as follows:
carbon, 0.17 to 0.23 %; manganese, 0.30 to 0.60 %;
phosphorus, 0.040 % maximum; sulfur, 0.050 % maximum.
6.1.2 Copper, conforming to UNS C11000 (SAE CA110)
or UNS C11300 (SAE CA113) . Cold-rolled, cut from 1.59
mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
6.1.3 Brass, conforming to Alloy UNS C26000 (SAE CA
260). Half-hard, cut from 1.59 mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock to size
50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
6.1.4 Solder—A brass specimen as described in 6.1.3,
coated with solder conforming to Alloy Grade 30A (SAE 3A)
of Specification B32. Solder-coated specimens may be
prepared, or used specimens recoated for reuse, by the proce-
dure given in Annex A1. A solid solder specimen cut from 1.59
mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock of Alloy Grade 30A (SAE 3A) to size
50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.) may be used subject to mutual
agreement of the parties involved. The use of a solid solder
specimen must be reported along with the metal specimen
weight loss results.
FIG. 1 Metal Specimens and Equipment for the 336 h Corrosion
6.1.4.1 When agreed upon between the supplier and the
Test
purchaser of engine coolants, the standard solder specimen
may be replaced with one having a different alloy composition
than standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B. Use of specimens other
5.3 Aerator Tube—A gas-dispersion tube, porosity size
than standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B shall be noted in the test
12-C, to ensure continuous aeration without plugging. report.
5.4 Temperature Measuring Instrument (Environmentally
NOTE 3—Where non-standard alloy is used, the standard flux shown in
A1.1.5 may not be satisfactory. A low corrosive flux may be required.
Safe Thermometer or Thermocouple)—An ASTM Partial Im-
mersion Temperature Measuring Instrument having a range
6.1.5 Cast Aluminum, conforming to Alloy UNS A23190
from − 20 to 150 °C (0 to 302 °F) and conforming to the
(SAE 329). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1
requirements for Thermometer 1C (1F), as prescribed in 1
by ⁄8 in.).
Specification E1 or Thermocouple as summarized in Specifi-
6.1.6 Cast Iron, conforming to Alloy UNS F10007 (SAE
cation E230.
G3500). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1 by
⁄8 in.).
5.5 Heater—A constant-temperature bath containing a high-
boiling liquid (see Note 2) that is capable of giving continuous
6.2 Arrangement (See Fig. 2):
service with the specified temperature control. The size of the
6.2.1 Metal Specimen Arrangement—None of the hardware
bath will be determined by the number of corrosion tests that
used in metal specimen arrangement (metal specimen, screws,
are to be run concurrently.
washers, metal spacers, insulating sleeves, insulating spacers
and nuts) can be reused for a test. The metal test specimens
shall be drilled through the center with a 6.75 mm ( ⁄64 in.)
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
drill to accommodate a 50.8 mm (2 in.) 10–24 brass machine
is the Corning Glass Works. Gas-dispersion tube No. 39533, manufactured by the
Corning Glass Works, 44-5 Crystal St., Corning, NY, has generally has been found
satisfactory for this purpose. Optionally, a capillary tip bleed tube with 0.28 in. (7
mm) bore and 11.2 in. (280 mm) length may be used when consistent early plugging Complete sets or individual metal test specimens are available from (a)
of gas dispersion tubes occurs. The tube, catalog No. 7815-19, may be obtained Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, Inc., Suite 1120, 1001 Connecticut
from the Corning Glass Works, Corning, NY 14830. If you are aware of alternative Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20036; (b) Astro-Mechanics, Inc., 8500 Research
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Blvd., Austin, TX 78766; (c) The Metaspec Company, P.O. Box 27707, San
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible Antonio, TX 78227; or (d) Metal Samples Co. Inc., P.O. Box 8, Munford, AL 36268.
1 8
technical committee, which you may attend. UNIFIED numbering system for metals and alloys, SAE-ASTM, July 1995.
6 9
If a water bath is used, a significant reduction in evaporation rate is achieved Round-robin evaluation of coated solder report is available from ASTM
by addition of floating plastic chips on the water surface. Headquarters. Request RR:D15-0132.
D1384 − 05 (2019)
until the entire metal area is bright, shiny, and free from any
visible oxide film or tarnish.
7.2 Rinse the specimens thoroughly with tap water; then
rinse with acetone, dry, and weigh to the nearest 1 mg. Cast
aluminum specimens should be dried in a 100 °C oven for 1 h,
to a constant weight, prior to recording the weight.
NOTE 4—If the test specimens are not to be used immediately, keep
them in a desiccator until required.
8. Test Solutions
8.1 The concentration of the engine coolant to be tested
shall be as follows:
8.1.1 Engine Coolant—The engine coolant, EG or PG
based, shall be mixed with the proper quantity of corrosive
FIG. 2 Metal Specimen Arrangement
water to give a 33 ⁄3 volume % coolant test solution.
8.1.2 Corrosive Water (Note 4)—The corrosive water shall
contain 100 ppm each of sulfate, chloride, and bicarbonate ions
screw covered with a thin-walled insulating sleeve. Tetrafluo- introduced as sodium salts.
roethylene tubing with a 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) outside diameter 1.59
8.2 Preparation of Sample—The preparation of the sample
1 1
mm ( ⁄16 in.) wide and a wall thickness of 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.) is
shall be done in accordance with the section on Preparation of
satisfactory. Two half-hard brass legs shall be cut from 1.59
Solutions Requiring Inclusion of Separated Solids and Liquids
mm ( ⁄16 in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
in Test Method D1176, except that the corrosive water shall be
A 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) diameter hole shall be drilled in each leg
used for dilution instead of distilled water. Thus, any insoluble
1 1
with the center 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) from the top and 12.7 mm ( ⁄2
materials will be included in the representative sample.
in.) from each side. The test “bundle” shall be made up on the
NOTE 5—The specified corrosive water can be prepared by dissolving
insulated screw with the specimens in the following order:
the following amounts of anhydrous sodium salts in a quantity of distilled
brass leg, copper, solder, brass, steel, cast iron, cast aluminum,
or deionized water.
and brass leg. The specimens shall be separated by 4.76 mm
sodium sulfate 148 mg
3 17
( ⁄16-in.) thick solid metal spacers having a 6.75 mm ( ⁄64 in.)
sodium chloride 165 mg
inside diameter and a 11.11 mm ( ⁄16 in.) outside diameter.
sodium bicarbonate 138 mg
Insulating spacers made from tetrafluoroethylene shall be used
The resulting solution should be made up to a volume of 1 L with
between the brass legs and the specimen “bundle,” and
distilled or deionized water at 20 °C.
between the brass and steel specimens. Brass spacers shall be If relatively large amounts of corrosive water are needed for testing, a
concentrate may be prepared by dissolving ten times the above amounts of
used between the brass, solder, and copper specimens, and steel
the three chemicals, in distilled or deionized water, and adjusting the total
spacers between the cast iron, steel, and cast aluminum
volume to 1 L by further additions of distilled or deionized water. When
specimens. The nut shall be tightened firmly to ensure good
needed, the water concentrate is diluted to the ratio of one part by volume
electrical contact between the test specimens in each section of
of concentrate to nine parts of distilled or deionized water.
the “bundle.”
9. Test Conditions
6.2.2 Alternate Metal Specimen Arrangement—When
agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser, an
9.1 Beaker Assembly—The arrangement of the assembled
alternate metal specimen arrangement may be used to evaluate
metal specimens with relation to the aerator tube and other
multiple solder alloys, such as high lead Alloy Grade L50113
components is shown in Fig. 1. Note that the tip of the
consisting of 97 % lead, 2.5 % tin, 0.3 % silver, concurrently
condenser just emerges from the bottom of the rubber stopper.
with Standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B. It is recommended that
9.2 Test Temperature—The test solution shall be maintained
the metal specimen arrangement be modified by replacing the
at a temperature of 88 6 2 °C (190 6 5 °F).
copper specimen with the high lead solder specimen and
9.3 Aeration Rate—The aeration rate shall be 100 6 10
arranging specimens in the bundle as follows:
mL/min. The aerator tube should be located at least 12.7 mm
High Lead Brass Alloy Grade Steel Cast Iron Cast
( ⁄2 in.) away from the test “bundle” to avoid direct contact with
Solder 30A or 30B Aluminum
the metal specimens.
Use of alternate specimens and metal specimens arrange-
ments shall be noted in the test report.
9.4 Test Duration—The test shall be run continuously for 2
weeks (336 h).
7. Preparation of Test Specimens
10. Procedure
7.1 Sand the cast iron and cast aluminum specimens on the
25.4 by 50.8 mm (1 by 2 in.) cut surfaces with “coarse” grade 10.1 Make triplicate tests concurrently on each engine
(No. 1) emery cloth. Remove any burrs from coupon edges and coolant solution in accordance with the following procedure:
hole. Scrub all specimens vigorously, using a moistened bristle 10.1.1 Carefully clean
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1384 − 05 (Reapproved 2012) D1384 − 05 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1384; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a simple beaker-type procedure for evaluating the effects of engine coolants on metal specimens
under controlled laboratory conditions (see Appendix X1).
NOTE 1—For more information on engine coolants, see (Refs 1-8).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 10.1.7.2, 10.1.7.3, and 10.1.7.4.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B32 Specification for Solder Metal
B36/B36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And Rolled Bar
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
E230 Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
G31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
All-glass apparatus for corrosion test (2 drawings)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 In this test method, specimens of metals typical of those present in engine cooling systems are totally immersed in aerated
engine coolant solutions for 336 h at 88°C (190°F).88 °C (190 °F). The corrosion-inhibitive properties of the test solution are
evaluated on the basis of the weight changes incurred by the specimens. Each test is run in triplicate, and the average weight change
is determined for each metal. A single test may occasionally be completely out of line (see 11.2).
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method will generally distinguish between coolants that are definitely deleterious from the corrosion standpoint and
those that are suitable for further evaluation. However, the results of this test method cannot stand alone as evidence of satisfactory
corrosion inhibition. The actual service value of an engine coolant formulation can be determined only by more comprehensive
bench, dynamometer, and field tests.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.06 on
Glassware Performance Tests.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2019. Published June 2012October 2019. Originally approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 20052012 as
D1384 – 04 (2005).D1384–05 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D1384-05R12. 10.1520/D1384–05R19.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Details available from: ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD1384. Original adjunct produced in (1980).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1384 − 05 (2019)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Container—A 1000-mL, 1000 mL, tall-form, spoutless beaker, made of heat-resistant glass, for containing the engine
coolant solution and test specimens. The beaker shall be tightly closed with a No. 15 rubber stopper, having drill holes to
accommodate a water condenser, an aerator tube, and a thermometer as shown in Fig. 1. Optionally, an all-glass apparatus may
be used.
5.2 Condenser—A water condenser of the reflux, glass-tube type, having a 400-mm (16-in.) 400 mm (16 in.) condenser jacket.
5.3 Aerator Tube—A gas-dispersion tube, porosity size 12-C, to ensure continuous aeration without plugging.
5.4 Temperature Measuring Instrument (Environmentally Safe Thermometer or Thermocouple)—An ASTM Partial Immersion
Temperature Measuring Instrument having a range from − 20 to 150°C150 °C (0 to 302°F)302 °F) and conforming to the
requirements for Thermometer 1C (1F), as prescribed in Specification E1 or Thermocouple as summarized in Specification E230.
5.5 Heater—A constant-temperature bath containing a high-boiling liquid (see Note 2) that is capable of giving continuous
service with the specified temperature control. The size of the bath will be determined by the number of corrosion tests that are
to be run concurrently.
6. Metal Test Specimens
NOTE 2—The specimens prescribed in this test method have been accepted by automobile manufacturers, but their composition may not be the same
as that of alloys currently used for engine cooling system components. Therefore, specimens other than those designated in this test method may be used
by mutual agreement of the parties involved.
FIG. 1 Metal Specimens and Equipment for the 336-h 336 h Corrosion Test
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is the Corning Glass Works. Gas-dispersion tube No. 39533, manufactured by the Corning
Glass Works, 44-5 Crystal St., Corning, NY, has generally has been found satisfactory for this purpose. Optionally, a capillary tip bleed tube with 0.28-in. (7-mm) bore and
11.2-in. (280-mm) 0.28 in. (7 mm) bore and 11.2 in. (280 mm) length may be used when consistent early plugging of gas dispersion tubes occurs. The tube, catalog No.
7815-19, may be obtained from the Corning Glass Works, Corning, NY 14830. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, , which you may attend.
If a water bath is used, a significant reduction in evaporation rate is achieved by addition of floating plastic chips on the water surface.
D1384 − 05 (2019)
6.1 Type—The following metal test specimens, representative of cooling system metals, shall be used:
6.1.1 Steel, UNS G10200 (SAE 1020), cut from 1.59-mm 1.59 mm ( ⁄16-in.) cold-rolled sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm
(2 by 1 in.). Chemical composition of the carbon steel is as follows: carbon, 0.17 to 0.23 %; manganese, 0.30 to 0.60 %;
phosphorus, 0.040 % maximum; sulfur, 0.050 % maximum.
8 8
6.1.2 Copper, conforming to UNS C11000 (SAE CA110) or UNS C11300 (SAE CA113) . Cold-rolled, cut from 1.59-mm 1.59
mm ( ⁄16-in.) in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
6.1.3 Brass, conforming to Alloy UNS C26000 (SAE CA 260). Half-hard, cut from 1.59-mm 1.59 mm ( ⁄16-in.) in.) sheet stock
to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.).
6.1.4 Solder—A brass specimen as described in 6.1.3, coated with solder conforming to Alloy Grade 30A (SAE 3A) of
Specification B32. Solder-coated specimens may be prepared, or used specimens recoated for reuse, by the procedure given in
Annex A1. A solid solder specimen cut from 1.59-mm 1.59 mm ( ⁄16-in.) in.) sheet stock of Alloy Grade 30A (SAE 3A) to size
50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.) may be used subject to mutual agreement of the parties involved. The use of a solid solder specimen
must be reported along with the metal specimen weight loss results.
6.1.4.1 When agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser of engine coolants, the standard solder specimen may be
replaced with one having a different alloy composition than standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B. Use of specimens other than
standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B shall be noted in the test report.
NOTE 3—Where non-standard alloy is used, the standard flux shown in A1.1.5 may not be satisfactory. A low corrosive flux may be required.
6.1.5 Cast Aluminum, conforming to Alloy UNS A23190 (SAE 329). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1 by ⁄8
in.).
6.1.6 Cast Iron, conforming to Alloy UNS F10007 (SAE G3500). Specimen size, 50.8 by 25.4 by 3.18 mm (2 by 1 by ⁄8 in.).
6.2 Arrangement (See Fig. 2):
6.2.1 Metal Specimen Arrangement—None of the hardware used in metal specimen arrangement (metal specimen, screws,
washers, metal spacers, insulating sleeves, insulating spacers and nuts) can be reused for a test. The metal test specimens shall be
drilled through the center with a 6.75-mm 6.75 mm ( ⁄64-in.) in.) drill to accommodate a 50.8-mm (2-in.) 50.8 mm (2 in.) 10–24
brass machine screw covered with a thin-walled insulating sleeve. Tetrafluoroethylene tubing with a 6.35-mm 6.35 mm ( ⁄4-in.) in.)
1 1
outside diameter 1.59-mm 1.59 mm ( ⁄16-in.) in.) wide and a wall thickness of 0.4 mm ( ⁄64-in.) in.) is satisfactory. Two half-hard
brass legs shall be cut from 1.59-mm 1.59 mm ( ⁄16-in.) in.) sheet stock to size 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 1 in.). A 6.35-mm 6.35 mm
1 1 1
( ⁄4-in.) in.) diameter hole shall be drilled in each leg with the center 6.35 mm ( ⁄4 in.) from the top and 12.7 mm ( ⁄2 in.) from each
side. The test “bundle” shall be made up on the insulated screw with the specimens in the following order: brass leg, copper, solder,
brass, steel, cast iron, cast aluminum, and brass leg. The specimens shall be separated by 4.76-mm 4.76 mm ( ⁄16-in.) thick solid
17 7
metal spacers having a 6.75-mm 6.75 mm ( ⁄64-in.) in.) inside diameter and a 11.11-mm 11.11 mm ( ⁄16-in.) in.) outside diameter.
Insulating spacers made from tetrafluoroethylene shall be used between the brass legs and the specimen “bundle,” and between
the brass and steel specimens. Brass spacers shall be used between the brass, solder, and copper specimens, and steel spacers
between the cast iron, steel, and cast aluminum specimens. The nut shall be tightened firmly to ensure good electrical contact
between the test specimens in each section of the “bundle.”
FIG. 2 Metal Specimen Arrangement
Complete sets or individual metal test specimens are available from (a) Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, Inc., Suite 1120, 1001 Connecticut Ave., N.W.,
Washington, DC 20036; (b) Astro-Mechanics, Inc., 8500 Research Blvd., Austin, TX 78766; (c) The Metaspec Company, P.O. Box 27707, San Antonio, TX 78227; or (d)
Metal Samples Co. Inc., P.O. Box 8, Munford, AL 36268.
UNIFIED numbering system for metals and alloys, SAE-ASTM, July 1995.
Round-robin evaluation of coated solder report is available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D15-0132.
D1384 − 05 (2019)
6.2.2 Alternate Metal Specimen Arrangement—When agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser, an alternate metal
specimen arrangement may be used to evaluate multiple solder alloys, such as high lead Alloy Grade L50113 consisting of 97 %
lead, 2.5 % tin, 0.3 % silver, concurrently with Standard Alloy Grade 30A or 30B. It is recommended that the metal specimen
arrangement be modified by replacing the copper specimen with the high lead solder specimen and arranging specimens in the
bundle as follows:
High Lead Brass Alloy Grade Steel Cast Iron Cast
Solder 30A or 30B Aluminum
Use of alternate specimens and metal specimens arrangements shall be noted in the test report.
7. Preparation of Test Specimens
7.1 Sand the cast iron and cast aluminum specimens on the 25.4 by 50.8-mm 50.8 mm (1 by 2-in.) 2 in.) cut surfaces with
“coarse” grade (No. 1) emery cloth. Remove any burrs from coupon edges and hole. Scrub all specimens vigorously, using a
moistened bristle brush and ground pumice powder or fine silicon carbide grit until the entire metal area is bright, shiny, and free
from any visible oxide film or tarnish.
7.2 Rinse the specimens thoroughly with tap water; then rinse with acetone, dry, and weigh to the nearest 1 mg. Cast aluminum
specimens should be dried in a 100°C100 °C oven for 1 h, to a constant weight, prior to recording the weight.
NOTE 4—If the test specimens are not to be used immediately, keep them in a desiccator until required.
8. Test Solutions
8.1 The concentration of the engine coolant to be tested shall be as follows:
8.1.1 Engine Coolant—The engine coolant, EG or PG based, shall be mixed with the proper quantity of corrosive water to give
a 33 ⁄3 volume % coolant test solution.
8.1.2 Corrosive Water (Note 4)—The corrosive water shall contain 100 ppm each of sulfate, chloride, and bicarbonate ions
introduced as sodium salts.
8.2 Preparation of Sample—The preparation of the sample shall be done in accordance with the section on Preparation of
Solutions Requiring Inclusion of Separated Solids and Liquids in Test Method D1176, except that the corrosive water shall be used
for dilution instead of distilled water. Thus, any insoluble materials will be included in the representative sample.
NOTE 5—The specified corrosive water can be prepared by dissolving the following amounts of anhydrous sodium salts in a quanityquantity of distilled
or deionized water.
sodium sulfate 148 mg
sodium chloride 165 mg
sodium bicarbonate 138 mg
The resulting solution should be made up to a volume of 1 L with distilled or deionized water at 20°C.20 °C.
If relatively large amounts of corrosive water are needed for testing, a concentrate may be prepared by dissolving ten times the above amounts of the
three chemicals, in distilled or deionized water, and adjusting the total volume to 1 L by further additions of distilled or deionized water. When needed,
the water concentrate is diluted to the ratio of one part by volume of concentrate to nine parts of disti
...
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