ASTM C1528/C1528M-20
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Dimension Stone
Standard Guide for Selection of Dimension Stone
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Related Components—Natural stone is only one component of a building's construction. All related materials and assemblies need to be evaluated to ensure compatible interactive behavior with the stone product.
4.2 Applicable Codes—Every stone application shall comply with applicable building codes.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to be used by architects, engineers, specifiers, contractors, and material suppliers who design, select, specify, install, purchase, fabricate, or supply natural stone products for construction applications.
1.2 Consensus Standard—This guide is an industry consensus standard drafted in a cooperative effort among engineers, architects, geologists, producers, and installers of natural stone.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1528/C1528M − 20
Standard Guide for
1
Selection of Dimension Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1528/C1528M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Natural stone, while being perhaps the oldest building material known to man, can also be one of
the most difficult of all building materials to properly evaluate, select, and specify. Every natural stone
product is unique, having its own physical properties and performance capabilities. Responsible stone
selection involves extensive and objective evaluation of both the stone material and the application in
which it is required to perform.
This guide presents a cursory review of the different stone types commonly used in construction,
common applications, available finishes, and factors affecting product costs. It is intended to be used
in combination with good judgment, responsible engineering analysis, local building codes, and any
other available resources. It is not a “how-to” or a “step-by-step” guide, and has been prepared with
the assumption that the user has some familiarity in the use of natural stone prior to utilizing this
guide.
Past performance is the best test of a dimension stone’s durability. Yet because the physical
properties of a natural stone can vary within a single deposit, even stones with a history of satisfactory
performance may need to be tested to ascertain the quality of the current production stock. Common
physical property tests include absorption, density, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, flexural
strength, abrasion resistance, and anchor strength.Additional tests may also be required depending on
the material and application.
In a high proportion of the cases, failure of a natural stone in service is a result of improper
application,ratherthantheinherentpropertiesofthestone.Placingstonesinunsuitableenvironments,
faulty fabrication, installation, or construction practices, and incompatible associated materials are
frequent causes of stone system failures (for example, high-porosity stones in subgrade applications,
inadequate anchorage or expansion space, mortars leaching alkalis, inappropriate strength mortars,
staining grouts, voids in setting beds, and pavement stones with inadequate resistance to abrasion).
Inselectionofnaturaldimensionstoneproducts,theapplicationaswellastheaestheticappealmust
be considered. While aesthetics are important to the design, the selection of the proper stone material,
thickness, anchorage, and related components is necessary to ensure meeting the performance and
durability requirements of the design.
1. Scope design, select, specify, install, purchase, fabricate, or supply
natural stone products for construction applications.
1.1 This guide is intended to be used by architects,
engineers, specifiers, contractors, and material suppliers who 1.2 Consensus Standard—This guide is an industry consen-
sus standard drafted in a cooperative effort among engineers,
architects,geologists,producers,andinstallersofnaturalstone.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension
Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.08 on Selection of
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Dimension Stone.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C1528–18. DOI:
10.1520/C1528_C1528M-20. ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1528/C1528M − 20
used independently of the other, and values from the two 2.2 Provisions of dimension stone handbooks, manuals, and
systems shall not be combined. specifications should be reviewed for compatibility with the
principles outlined in this guide.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Terminology
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
refer to Terminology C119.
mendations issued by the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1528/C1528M − 18 C1528/C1528M − 20
Standard Guide for
1
Selection of Dimension Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1528/C1528M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Natural stone, while being perhaps the oldest building material known to man, can also be one of
the most difficult of all building materials to properly evaluate, select, and specify. Every natural stone
product is unique, having its own physical properties and performance capabilities. Responsible stone
selection involves extensive and objective evaluation of both the stone material and the application in
which it is required to perform.
This guide presents a cursory review of the different stone types commonly used in construction,
common applications, available finishes, and factors affecting product costs. It is intended to be used
in combination with good judgment, responsible engineering analysis, local building codes, and any
other available resources. It is not a “how-to” or a “step-by-step” guide, and has been prepared with
the assumption that the user has some familiarity in the use of natural stone prior to utilizing this
guide.
Past performance is the best test of a dimension stone’s durability. Yet because the physical
properties of a natural stone can vary within a single deposit, even stones with a history of satisfactory
performance may need to be tested to ascertain the quality of the current production stock. Common
physical property tests include absorption, density, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, flexural
strength, abrasion resistance, and anchor strength. Additional tests may also be required depending on
the material and application.
In a high proportion of the cases, failure of a natural stone in service is a result of improper
application, rather than the inherent properties of the stone. Placing stones in unsuitable environments,
faulty fabrication, installation, or construction practices, and incompatible associated materials are
frequent causes of stone system failures (for example, high-porosity stones in subgrade applications,
inadequate anchorage or expansion space, mortars leaching alkalis, inappropriate strength mortars,
staining grouts, voids in setting beds, and pavement stones with inadequate resistance to abrasion).
In selection of natural dimension stone products, the application as well as the aesthetic appeal must
be considered. While aesthetics are important to the design, the selection of the proper stone material,
thickness, anchorage, and related components is necessary to ensure meeting the performance and
durability requirements of the design.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to be used by architects, engineers, specifiers, contractors, and material suppliers who design, select,
specify, install, purchase, fabricate, or supply natural stone products for construction applications.
1.2 Consensus Standard—This guide is an industry consensus standard drafted in a cooperative effort among engineers,
architects, geologists, producers, and installers of natural stone.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.08 on Selection of Dimension
Stone.
Current edition approved March 15, 2018April 1, 2020. Published April 2018May 2020. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 as
C1528–17a.–18. DOI: 10.1520/C1528_C1528M-18.10.1520/C1528_C1528M-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1528/C1528M − 20
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Tec
...
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