ASTM D387-00(2008)

Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Color and tinting strength are the most important properties of a color pigment. This test method provides a means of testing these properties for quality control.
This test method is intended as a referee method so that such matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions and the white for making tints have been suggested. However, other vehicles and whites may be suitable for quality control purposes, and changes in this test method are allowed by agreement between the parties to a test.
It is assumed that the most exact comparison of mass color and tinting strength occurs when the pigment is completely dispersed. By following the procedure described in Annex A1, the conditions for achieving the maximum practical degree of dispersion with a mechanical muller may be determined. Color and strength tests should be carried out under these conditions.
The results obtained with a mechanical muller do not necessarily correlate directly with an industrial situation where different dispersing conditions exist. However, dispersion with a mechanical muller is a quick and inexpensive way of testing the color and strength of a pigment for routine quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to be used to compare the color and strength of a pigment under test with a reference standard of the same type and grade.
1.2 This test method does not apply to white pigments.
Note 1—Test Method D 3022 is similar to this test method, but it utilizes a miniature sandmill rather than a mechanical muller, to disperse the chromatic pigment.
Note 2—Test Method D 332 and Test Method D 2745 are similar to this test method, but they are intended for use with white pigments, rather than chromatic pigments.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the preferred unit of measurement. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2008
• ICS: 87.060.10 - Pigments and extenders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.26 - Optical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D387-00 - Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D769-01(2019) - Standard Specification for Black Synthetic Iron Oxide
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D85-05(2023) - Standard Specification for Ochre Pigment
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D765-87(2020) - Standard Specification for Raw and Burnt Sienna Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D1649-01(2019) - Standard Specification for Strontium Chromate Pigment
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D763-06(2019) - Standard Specification for Raw and Burnt Umber Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D561-82(2020) - Standard Specification for Carbon Black Pigment for Paint
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5098-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Artists' Acrylic Dispersion Paints
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3721-05(2019) - Standard Specification for Synthetic Red Iron Oxide Pigment
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D2066-07(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Relative Tinting Strength of Paste-Type Printing Ink Dispersions
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D478-02(2019) - Standard Specification for Zinc Yellow (Zinc Chromate) Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D3021-01(2019) - Standard Specification for Phthalocyanine Green Pigments
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D209-81(2023) - Standard Specification for Lampblack Pigment
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D1845-86(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Strontium Chromate Pigment
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D1844-86(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Basic Lead Silicochromate
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D387 − 00 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with a
1
Mechanical Muller
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Pigments by Reflectance Measurements
D3022 Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pig-
1.1 This test method is intended to be used to compare the
ments by Use of a Miniature Sandmill
color and strength of a pigment under test with a reference
D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for
standard of the same type and grade.
Appearance Measurements
1.2 This test method does not apply to white pigments.
D4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting
Strength of Chromatic Paints
NOTE 1—Test Method D3022 is similar to this test method, but it
utilizes a miniature sandmill rather than a mechanical muller, to disperse E284 Terminology of Appearance
the chromatic pigment.
NOTE 2—Test Method D332 and Test Method D2745 are similar to this
3. Terminology
test method, but they are intended for use with white pigments, rather than
3.1 Definitions of appearance terms used in this test method
chromatic pigments.
may be found in Terminology E284.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the preferred unit of
measurement. The values given in parentheses are for infor-
4. Summary of Test Method
mation only.
4.1 Pigments are dispersed in a suitable vehicle with a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mechanical muller. Test and standard pigments are treated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
identically. Opaque drawdowns are made from the dispersions
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and compared, either visually or instrumentally, for color and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
strength differences.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
statements are given in Section 8.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents 5.1 Color and tinting strength are the most important prop-
2 erties of a color pigment.This test method provides a means of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
testing these properties for quality control.
D332 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
Pigments by Visual Observation 5.2 This test method is intended as a referee method so that
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color such matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions and
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials the white for making tints have been suggested. However,
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and other vehicles and whites may be suitable for quality control
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color purposes, and changes in this test method are allowed by
Coordinates agreement between the parties to a test.
D2745 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White
5.3 It is assumed that the most exact comparison of mass
color and tinting strength occurs when the pigment is com-
pletely dispersed. By following the procedure described in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
AnnexA1, the conditions for achieving the maximum practical
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
degree of dispersion with a mechanical muller may be deter-
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally
mined. Color and strength tests should be carried out under
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D387 – 00. DOI:
these conditions.
10.1520/D0387-00R08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4 The results obtained with a mechanical muller do not
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
necessarily correlate directly with an industrial situation where
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. different dispersing conditions exist. However, dispersion with
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D387 − 00 (2008)
a mechanical muller is a quick and inexpensive way of testing vehicle the development of tinting strength by the mechanical
the color and strength of a pigment for routine quality control. muller is influen
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D387–86(Reapproved 1994) Designation:D387–00(Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Color and Strength of ColorChromatic Pigments with a
1
Mechanical Muller
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to be used to compare the color and strength of a pigment under test with a reference standard
of the same type and grade.
1.2 This test method does not apply to white pigments.
NOTE 1—Test Method D3022 is similar to this test method, but it utilizes a miniature sandmill rather than a mechanical muller, to disperse the
colorchromatic pigment.
NOTE 2—Test Method D332 and Test Method D2745 are similar to this test method, but they are intended for use with white pigments, rather than
color pigments.
1.3are similar to this test method, but they are intended for use with white pigments, rather than chromatic pigments.
1.3 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsarethepreferredunitofmeasurement.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 78.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D332 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by Visual Observation
D1729 Practice for Visual EvaluationAppraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D2244Test Method Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
Coordinates
D2745 Test Method for Relative Tinting Strength of White Pigments by ReflectiveReflectance Measurements
D3022 Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pigments by Use of a Miniature Sandmill
D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance Measurements
E97Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-deg 0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter Reflectometry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 26, 1986.Feb. 1, 2008. Published October 1986.March 2008. Originally published as D387–34T.approved in 1934. Last previous edition
D387–81.approved in 2000 as D387–00.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 06.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D387–00 (2008)
D4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting Strength of Chromatic Paints
2
E308Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System 284 Terminology of Appearance
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1Pigments are dispersed in a suitable vehicle with a mechanical muller. Test and standard pigments are treated identically.
Opaque drawdowns are made from the dispersions and compared, either visually or instrumentally, for color and strength
differences. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of appearance terms used in this test method may be found in Terminology E284.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Pigments are dispersed in a suitable vehicle with a mechanical muller. Test and standard pigments are treated identically.
Opaque drawdowns are made from the dispersions and compared, either visually or instrumentally, for color and strength
differences.
5. Significance and Use
4.1Color5.1 Color and tinting strength are the most important properties of a color pigment.This test method provides a means
of testing these properties for quality control.
4.2This5.2 This test method is intended as a referee method so that such matters as the vehicle for preparing the dispersions
and the white for making tints have be
...