ASTM F2180-02(2015)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Metallic Implantable Strands and Cables
Standard Specification for Metallic Implantable Strands and Cables
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the materials, dimensional tolerances, constructions, and mechanical properties for standard metallic implantable strands and cables. Materials shall be manufactured using equivalent size wires in the cold-worked and stress-relieved or annealed condition. Standard strand constructions shall be 1×3, 1×7, and 1×19 strand. Cabling constructions shall be 7×7 and 7×19 cable. Mechanical requirements include ultimate tensile strength and minimum breaking force. Strand or cable shall have no welds or splices, free of imperfections, and shall conform to dimensions, surface finish, and tolerances indicated in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the materials, dimensional tolerances, constructions, and mechanical properties for standard metallic implantable strands and cables.
1.2 This specification is intended to assist in the development of specific strand and cable specifications. It is particularly appropriate for high load bearing applications. It is not intended however, to address all of the possible variations in construction, material, or properties.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:F2180 −02 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Metallic Implantable Strands and Cables
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F1295 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-
7Niobium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS
1.1 This specification covers the materials, dimensional
R56700)
tolerances, constructions, and mechanical properties for stan-
F1314Specification for Wrought Nitrogen Strengthened 22
dard metallic implantable strands and cables.
Chromium–13 Nickel–5 Manganese–2.5 Molybdenum
1.2 This specification is intended to assist in the develop-
Stainless Steel Alloy Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants
ment of specific strand and cable specifications. It is particu-
(UNS S20910)
larly appropriate for high load bearing applications. It is not
F1341Specification for Unalloyed Titanium Wire UNS
intended however, to address all of the possible variations in
R50250, UNS R50400, UNS R50550, UNS R50700, for
construction, material, or properties.
Surgical Implant Applications (Withdrawn 2006)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4
2.2 American Society for Quality (ASQ) Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ASQC1Specification of General Requirements for a Qual-
standard.
ity Program
2. Referenced Documents 2.3 Department of Defense Specifications:
MIL-DTL-83420JWireRope,Flexible,ForAircraftControl
2.1 ASTM Standards:
MIL-DTL-83420/1BWire Rope, Flexible, Type 1, Compo-
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
sition A
F86Practice for Surface Preparation and Marking of Metal-
MIL-DTL-83420/2BWire Rope, Flexible, Type 1, Compo-
lic Surgical Implants
sition B
F90 Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-
15Tungsten-10NickelAlloy for Surgical ImplantApplica-
3. Terminology
tions (UNS R30605)
F136 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum- 3.1 Definitions:
4VanadiumELI(ExtraLowInterstitial)AlloyforSurgical
3.1.1 cable,n—agroupofstrandshelicallytwistedtogether.
Implant Applications (UNS R56401)
3.1.2 diameter, n—the distance between opposing points
F138 Specification for Wrought 18Chromium-14Nickel-
across the circle circumscribing either the strand or cable as
2.5Molybdenum Stainless Steel Bar andWire for Surgical
illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 (see MIL-DTL-83420J, MIL-DTL-
Implants (UNS S31673)
83420/1B and MIL-DTL-83420/2B).
F562 Specification for Wrought 35Cobalt-35Nickel-
3.1.3 lay(ortwist),n—thehelicalformtakenbythewiresin
20Chromium-10Molybdenum Alloy for Surgical Implant
a strand and by the strands in a cable (see MIL-DTL-83420J).
Applications (UNS R30035)
3.1.3.1 Discussion—In a “Right Lay” situation, the wires of
F1058Specification for Wrought 40Cobalt-20Chromium-
the strand (or the strands in a cable) are oriented in the same
16Iron-15Nickel-7Molybdenum Alloy Wire and Strip for
direction as the thread on a right-hand screw.
Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R30003 and UNS
3.1.4 length of lay (or pitch), n—the distance parallel to the
R30008)
axis of the strand (or cable) in which a wire (or strand) makes
one complete turn about the axis.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on
Medical and Surgical Materials and Devicesand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F04.21 on Osteosynthesis.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally
ε1
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2180–02 (2011) . The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/F2180-02R15. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Milwaukee, WI 53203, http://www.asq.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from DODSSP, Building 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
the ASTM website. Philadelphia, PA 19111–5098.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2180−02 (2015)
FIG. 1Standard Stranding Constructions
FIG. 2Standard Cabling Constructions
3.1.5 M×N, n—the construction designation for strands and 5.1.1 Quantity (weight, length, or number of pieces),
cables. In this construction designation M represents the
5.1.2 ASTM designation,
number of strands in the cable and N represents the number of
5.1.3 Material (ASTM designation),
wires in each strand.
5.1.4 Condition,
3.1.5.1 Discussion— Some examples of strand construc-
5.1.5 Construction,
tionsare1×7and1×3.Similarexamplesofcableconstructions
5.1.6 Applicable dimensions (including diameter, length(s)
are 7×7 and 7×19.
of lay, and length),
3.1.6 strand, n—a group of wires helically twisted together.
5.1.7 Mechanical properties (including breaking force),
3.1.7 wire, n—an individual element (typically a cylindrical
5.1.8 Special requirements, and
rod) making up a strand.
5.1.9 Special tests.
4. General Requirements
6. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, all
requirements of the current editions of Specifications F90,
6.1 Wires—Implantable strands and cables shall be manu-
F136, F138, F562, F1058, F1295, F1314, and F1341 shall
factured using equivalent size wires.
apply.
6.2 Condition—Implantable strands and cables shall be
4.2 In cases of conflict between this specification and those
supplied in the cold-worked, cold-worked and stress-relieved,
listed in 2.1, this specification shall take precedence.
or annealed condition.
5. Ordering Information
6.3 Finish—Types of finish available in strands and cables
5.1 Inquiries and orders under this specification shall in- are cold-drawn, pickled, swaged, or as specified by the
clude the following information: customer.
F2180−02 (2015)
TABLE 1 Dimensional Requirements for Metallic Implantable
7. Stranding
Strands and Cables
7.1 The standard strand constructions are illustrated in Fig.
Specified Diameter, Diameter Tolerance, Out-of-Round Tolerance,
1. These constructions are described in the following manner:
mm ±mm mm
7.1.1 1×3 Strand—This construction is characterized by a
Under 0.12 0.0075 0.0075
left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 4 to 10 times the nominal 0.12 to under 0.20 0.015 0.015
0.20 to under 0.30 0.022 0.022
strand diameter.
0.30 to under 0.60 0.030 0.030
7.1.2 1×7 Strand—This construction is characterized by a
0.60 to under 0.82 0.037 0.037
0.82 to under 1.10 0.060 0.060
left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 8 to 16 times the nominal
1.10 to under 2.50 0.075 0.075
strand diameter.
2.50 to under 4.10 0.150 0.150
7.1.3 1×19Strand—Thisconstructionischaracterizedbyan
inner 1×7 strand with a right-hand lay and a uniform pitch of
8 to 12 times the nominal strand diameter. The outer 12 wires
cables being tested (see section X1.4). The variable “D” in
have a left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 9 to 11 times the
each equation is the measured diameter of the strand or cable.
nominal strand diamete
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: F2180 − 02 (Reapproved 2011) F2180 − 02 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Metallic Implantable Strands and Cables
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in January 2012.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the materials, dimensional tolerances, constructions, and mechanical properties for standard
metallic implantable strands and cables.
1.2 This specification is intended to assist in the development of specific strand and cable specifications. It is particularly
appropriate for high load bearing applications. It is not intended however, to address all of the possible variations in construction,
material, or properties.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
F86 Practice for Surface Preparation and Marking of Metallic Surgical Implants
F90 Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten-10Nickel Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS
R30605)
F136 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant
Applications (UNS R56401)
F138 Specification for Wrought 18Chromium-14Nickel-2.5Molybdenum Stainless Steel Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants
(UNS S31673)
F562 Specification for Wrought 35Cobalt-35Nickel-20Chromium-10Molybdenum Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications
(UNS R30035)
F1058 Specification for Wrought 40Cobalt-20Chromium-16Iron-15Nickel-7Molybdenum Alloy Wire and Strip for Surgical
Implant Applications (UNS R30003 and UNS R30008)
F1295 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-7Niobium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56700)
F1314 Specification for Wrought Nitrogen Strengthened 22 Chromium–13 Nickel–5 Manganese–2.5 Molybdenum Stainless
Steel Alloy Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants (UNS S20910)
F1341 Specification for Unalloyed Titanium Wire UNS R50250, UNS R50400, UNS R50550, UNS R50700, for Surgical
Implant Applications (Withdrawn 2006)
2.2 American Society for Quality (ASQ) Standard:
ASQ C1 Specification of General Requirements for a Quality Program
2.3 Department of Defense Specifications:
MIL-DTL-83420J Wire Rope, Flexible, For Aircraft Control
MIL-DTL-83420/1B Wire Rope, Flexible, Type 1, Composition A
MIL-DTL-83420/2B Wire Rope, Flexible, Type 1, Composition B
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.21 on Osteosynthesis.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2015. Published October 2011October 2015. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20072011 as
ε2ε1
F2180 – 02 (2007)(2011) . DOI: 10.1520/F2180-02R11E01.10.1520/F2180-02R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203, http://www.asq.org.
Available from DODSSP, Building 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111–5098.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2180 − 02 (2015)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 cable, n—a group of strands helically twisted together.
3.1.2 diameter, n—the distance between opposing points across the circle circumscribing either the strand or cable as illustrated
in Figs. 1 and 2 (see MIL-DTL-83420J, MIL-DTL-83420/1B and MIL-DTL-83420/2B).
3.1.3 lay (or twist), n—the helical form taken by the wires in a strand and by the strands in a cable (see MIL-DTL-83420J).
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
In a “Right Lay” situation, the wires of the strand (or the strands in a cable) are oriented in the same direction as the thread on
a right-hand screw.
3.1.4 length of lay (or pitch), n—the distance parallel to the axis of the strand (or cable) in which a wire (or strand) makes one
complete turn about the axis.
3.1.5 M×N, n—the construction designation for strands and cables. In this construction designation M represents the number
of strands in the cable and N represents the number of wires in each strand.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
Some examples of strand constructions are 1×7 and 1×3. Similar examples of cable constructions are 7×7 and 7×19.
3.1.6 strand, n—a group of wires helically twisted together.
3.1.7 wire, n—an individual element (typically a cylindrical rod) making up a strand.
4. General Requirements
4.1 In addition to the requirements of this specification, all requirements of the current editions of Specifications F90, F136,
F138, F562, F1058, F1295, F1314, and F1341 shall apply.
4.2 In cases of conflict between this specification and those listed in 2.1, this specification shall take precedence.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Inquiries and orders under this specification shall include the following information:
5.1.1 Quantity (weight, length, or number of pieces),
5.1.2 ASTM designation,
5.1.3 Material (ASTM designation),
5.1.4 Condition,
5.1.5 Construction,
5.1.6 Applicable dimensions (including diameter, length(s) of lay, and length),
5.1.7 Mechanical properties (including breaking force),
5.1.8 Special requirements, and
5.1.9 Special tests.
FIG. 1 Standard Stranding Constructions
F2180 − 02 (2015)
FIG. 2 Standard Cabling Constructions
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 Wires—Implantable strands and cables shall be manufactured using equivalent size wires.
6.2 Condition—Implantable strands and cables shall be supplied in the cold-worked, cold-worked and stress-relieved, or
annealed condition.
6.3 Finish—Types of finish available in strands and cables are cold-drawn, pickled, swaged, or as specified by the customer.
7. Stranding
7.1 The standard strand constructions are illustrated in Fig. 1. These constructions are described in the following manner:
7.1.1 1×3 Strand—This construction is characterized by a left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 4 to 10 times the nominal strand
diameter.
7.1.2 1×7 Strand—This construction is characterized by a left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 8 to 16 times the nominal strand
diameter.
7.1.3 1×19 Strand—This construction is characterized by an inner 1×7 strand with a right-hand lay and a uniform pitch of 8
to 12 times the nominal strand diameter. The outer 12 wires have a left-hand lay with a uniform pitch of 9 to 11 times the nominal
strand diameter.
7.2 Strands may be ordered to constructions other than those specified above as determined by the customer and supplier.
8. Cabling
8.1 The standard cabling constructions are illustrated in Fig. 2. These constructions are described in the following manner.
8.1.1 7×7 Cable—This construction is characterized by an inner 1×7 strand that has a right-hand lay wit
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