ASTM C485-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
Standard Test Method for Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means for determining whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the warpage requirements that may appear in specifications to assure satisfactory tile installations. In accordance with this test method, warpage is calculated as a percentage of the length of the edge or diagonal being tested. It is realized that the percentage values based on the overall edge length, or on the overall diagonal length of a tile will be slightly lower than those based on the distance between reference points. However, the ratio of the overall lengths to the distance between reference points will be practically constant for any particular size of tile and, therefore, the percentage values will be comparable and equally indicative of warpage.
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Square Tile, Set Up for Measurement of 4 ¼- by 4¼-in. (108- by 108-mm) Tile
FIG. 2 Apparatus as Shown in Fig. 1, Showing Arrangement of Stem Extender
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring diagonal and edge warpages of the following categories of ceramic tile:
1.1.1 Square Tile, 2 by 2 in. (51 by 51 mm) or larger, that are nominally flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have a smooth face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
1.1.2 Oblong Tile, no facial dimension smaller than 2 in. (51 mm), that are flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have a smooth face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
1.1.3 Square and Oblong Tile, no facial dimension smaller than 2 in. (51 mm), that are flat, but have an irregular face such as embossed, sloped, bumpy, wavy, coarsely crystalline, or wire-cut textured.
1.1.4 Nonrectilinear Tile, larger than 4 in.2 (26 cm2), that are flat and of uniform body thickness with smooth or irregular face, such as hexagonal, diamond, Spanish type, and so forth.
1.1.5 Trim Tile meeting one of the descriptions in 1.1.1-1.1.4 except that only a part of the tile surface is flat. (Surface trim tile should be treated as flat tile whenever possible.)
1.1.6 Square or Oblong Tile with facial area less than 4 in.2 (26 cm2) and at least two straight sides equal to or greater than 1.0 in. (25 mm) long. (Modular 1- by 1-in. tile are not in the scope of this test method.)
1.2 This test method is not applicable to tile having embossed surfaces that are not flat, or that have a combination of variable body thickness and an irregular face.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C485 −09
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring di-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
agonal and edge warpages of the following categories of
ceramic tile:
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.1 Square Tile,2by2in.(51by51mm)orlarger,thatare
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nominallyflat,ofuniformoverallthickness,andhaveasmooth
C242Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte glazed,
Products
or finely crystalline glazed.
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
1.1.2 Oblong Tile,nofacialdimensionsmallerthan2in.(51
3
Warpage Gage for Ceramic Tile
mm), that are flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have a
smooth face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte
3. Terminology
glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
3.1 Definitions:
1.1.3 Square and Oblong Tile, no facial dimension smaller
than2in.(51mm),thatareflat,buthaveanirregularfacesuch 3.1.1 tile—see Definitions C242.
as embossed, sloped, bumpy, wavy, coarsely crystalline, or
3.1.2 warpage—curvature of a flat tile measured as devia-
wire-cut textured.
tion of the tile surface from a true plane along the edges or the
2 2
1.1.4 Nonrectilinear Tile, larger than 4 in. (26 cm ), that
diagonals. The deviation is measured at the mid-length of an
areflatandofuniformbodythicknesswithsmoothorirregular
edgeordiagonal,expressedasapercentageofthelengthofthe
face, such as hexagonal, diamond, Spanish type, and so forth.
edge or diagonal, and called convex or concave with respect to
1.1.5 Trim Tile meeting one of the descriptions in
the face of the tile.
1.1.1-1.1.4 except that only a part of the tile surface is flat.
(Surface trim tile should be treated as flat tile whenever 4. Summary of Test Method
possible.)
4.1 This test method consists of measuring the deviation
1.1.6 Square or Oblong Tile with facial area less than 4
fromastraightlineatthemidpointbetweenreferencepointson
2 2
in. (26 cm ) and at least two straight sides equal to or greater
the face or back of a tile. Measurements are made along the
than 1.0 in. (25 mm) long. (Modular 1- by 1-in. tile are not in
edges of a tile or along the diagonals, or both.The deviation is
the scope of this test method.)
expressed as convex or concave warpage in relation to the tile
1.2 This test method is not applicable to tile having em- face, and its magnitude is calculated as a percentage of the
bossed surfaces that are not flat, or that have a combination of length of the edge or diagonal.
variable body thickness and an irregular face.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
5.1 This test method provides a means for determining
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
whether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the warpage
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
requirements that may appear in specifications to assure
and are not considered standard.
satisfactory tile installations. In accordance with this test
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method, warpage is calculated as a percentage of the length of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the edge or diagonal being tested. It is realized that the
1 2
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originally the ASTM website.
´1 3
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C485–83 (2003) . Three drawings showing construction details are available from ASTM
DOI: 10.1520/C0485-09. Headquarters. Order ADJC0485.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C485 − 09
percentage values based on the overall edge length, or on the
overall diagonal length of a tile will be slightly lower than
those based on the distance between reference points.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:C485–83 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: C 485 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Adjunct references were corrected editorially in April 2006.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring diagonal and edge warpages of the following categories of ceramic tile:
1.1.1 Square Tile, 2 by 2 in. (51 by 51 mm) or larger, that are nominally flat, of uniform overall thickness, and have a smooth
face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
1.1.2 Oblong Tile,nofacialdimensionsmallerthan2in.(51mm),thatareflat,ofuniformoverallthickness,andhaveasmooth
face of one of the types: unglazed, bright glazed, matte glazed, or finely crystalline glazed.
1.1.3 Square and Oblong Tile, no facial dimension smaller than 2 in. (51 mm), that are flat, but have an irregular face such as
embossed, sloped, bumpy, wavy, coarsely crystalline, or wire-cut textured.
2 2
1.1.4 Nonrectilinear Tile, larger than 4 in. (26 cm ), that are flat and of uniform body thickness with smooth or irregular face,
such as hexagonal, diamond, Spanish type, and so forth.
1.1.5 Trim Tile meeting one of the descriptions in 1.1.1-1.1.4 except that only a part of the tile surface is flat. (Surface trim tile
should be treated as flat tile whenever possible.)
2 2
1.1.6 Square or Oblong Tile with facial area less than 4 in. (26 cm ) and at least two straight sides equal to or greater than 1.0
in. (25 mm) long. (Modular 1- by 1-in. tile are not in the scope of this test method.)
1.2 This test method is not applicable to tile having embossed surfaces that are not flat, or that have a combination of variable
body thickness and an irregular face.
1.3The values stated in the inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI (metric) units given in parentheses are
for information only.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
Warpage Gage for Ceramic Tile
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 tile—see Definitions C242.
3.1.2 warpage—curvature of a flat tile measured as deviation of the tile surface from a true plane along the edges or the
diagonals.The deviation is measured at the mid-length of an edge or diagonal, expressed as a percentage of the length of the edge
or diagonal, and called convex or concave with respect to the face of the tile.
1
This method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C485–83 (1999).
´1
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C485–83 (2003) .
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Three drawings showing construction details are available from ASTM Headquarters. Order ADJC0485.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C485–09
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of measuring the deviation from a straight line at the midpoint between reference points on the
face or back of a tile. Measurements are made along the edges of a tile or along the diagonals, or both.The deviation is expressed
as co
...
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