ASTM D2741-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Susceptibility of Polyethylene Bottles to Soot Accumulation
Standard Test Method for Susceptibility of Polyethylene Bottles to Soot Accumulation
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative susceptibility of polyethylene bottles to soot accumulation.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1--There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Note 7.
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Designation: D 2741 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Susceptibility of Polyethylene Bottles to Soot
Accumulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2741; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative 5.1 This test method provides a useful means for determin-
susceptibility of polyethylene bottles to soot accumulation. ing the relative susceptibility of polyethylene bottles to accu-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the mulate soot. In particular, this test method has been found
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information useful in evaluating antistatic additives or antistatic bottle
only. surface treatments, or both. Experience has shown that the
behavior of bottles in this test can be directly related to dust
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
and lint accumulation under actual use conditions.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 This test method provides a means of accelerating soot
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
accumulation. However, the correlation of the results of this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
test method to actual use conditions must be established for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
each application.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
5.3 Although no formal round-robin testing has been done
tionary statements are given in Section 8 and Note 7.
on other types of plastics, this test method has been found
useful for testing other than polyethylene plastics.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference
2.1 ASTM Standards:
should be made to the specification of the material being tested.
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or
Insulating Materials for Testing
testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
materials specification shall take precedence over those men-
E 104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity
tioned in this test method. If there are no material specifica-
by Means of Aqueous Solutions
tions, then the default conditions apply.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus
3 3
3.1 Definitions:
6.1 Soot Test Chamber, having a 0.066-m (2.3-ft ) testing
3.1.1 Standard definitions for plastics as they appear in
volume essentially like that shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Terminology D 883 shall apply.
Chambers of other design (normally larger or having multiple
3.1.2 soot—the finely divided carbon rich particles resulting
test chambers to allow testing of greater numbers of bottles at
from incomplete combustion of an organic material.
the same time) that provide comparable results are considered
acceptable alternatives. With such chambers it is essential that
4. Summary of Test Method
the following items be sized and kept in direct proportion to the
4.1 An electrostatic charge is generated on the bottle sur-
total test chamber volume:
face. Under controlled conditions, the charged samples are
6.1.1 Blower or fan size,
exposed in a chamber to soot created by burning toluene-
6.1.2 Amount of filter paper and toluene, and
wetted filter paper. Soot accumulation is rated visually by
6.1.3 Amount of drying agent if required.
comparing the amount of carbon particles accumulated on the
6.2 Manifold System has been proven desirable for uniform
bottle to that shown on a preestablished graded scale.
air circulation in larger units. Experience has shown that 0.05
2 3 3
mL of toluene on 452 mm of filter paper/0.028 m (1 ft )of
test chamber volume produces a satisfactory smoke concentra-
tion. The test chamber shall be equipped with:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.20 on Plastic Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally
published as D 2741 – 68. Last previous edition D 2741 – 91.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Schanzle, R. E., “New Test for Plastics Antistatics,” Modern Packaging,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 08.03 and 11.03. MOPAA, May 1964, pp. 129, 130, and 204.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2741
FIG. 1 Smoke Chamber for Plastic Bottle Soot Accumulation Test
NOTE 3—Not required when humidity reduction is obtained by other
6.2.1 Means for maintaining a 15 6 5 % relative humidity
means.
atmosphere (Note 2),
6.2.2 A fan or blower for air circulation,
8. Safety Precautions
6.2.3 Means for igniting toluene wetted filter paper, and
8.1 Use caution when handling toluene and trichlorethylene.
6.2.4 Removable 80-mesh wire screens covering test cham-
Small quantities may produce noticeable toxic effects if in-
ber inlet and outlet.
haled, contacted, or ingested. Have adequate ventilation.
NOTE 2—The test chamber described in this procedure provides for
8.2 Have a fire extinguisher nearby when handling and
humidity reduction by means of a chemical drying agent contained within
igniting toluene.
the chamber. However, satisfactory results have been obtained by locating
the chamber in a room maintained in 15 % humidity or by use of other air
9. Test Specimens
drying equipment.
9.1 The test specimens shall be the plastic bottles under
6.3 Tongs.
investigation. For accurate determination of relative soot ac-
6.4 Dry Cloth.
cumulation properties, all of the bottles should be of the same
6.5 Paper Towels.
configuration. The specimens shall be free from visible water
6.6 Filter Paper, 24 mm in diameter, ashless type.
and dirt. Surfaces to be judged for soot accumulation properties
6.7 Relative Humidity Indicator.
shall not be handled either beforehand or during the perfor-
mance of the test. A minimum of three specimens for each test
7. Materials
variable is necessary.
7.1 Trichlorethylene, Caution, see 8.1.
10. Calibration and Standardization
7.2 Toluene, Caution, see Section 8.
7.3 Calcium Chloride, or equivalent granules, 8-mesh. 10.1 Check for test chamber tightness by sealing off smoke
entrance and exit screens (Note 4), generating smoke as
indicated in 12.8, and inspecting for smoke leakage into test
Kaypee Industrial Wipes, Tidi-Unidisco Co., Troy, MI, or equivalent have been
chamber.
found satisfactory for this purpose.
NOTE 4—Two-mil thick polyethylene film may be placed over the
Abbeon Relative Humidity Indicator Model HTAB-169, Abbeon Cal, Inc.,
123-56Y Gray Avenue, Santa Barbara, CA 93101. openings and held in place with pressure-sensitive tape.
D 2741
FIG. 2 Special Construction Details for Soot Accumulation Smoke Chamber
NOTE 6—The grading scale employed in round-robin testing (Fig. 3)
10.2 With the chamber smoke entrance and exit covered just
may be used as a guide.
by the screens, measure the time for the smoke cloud to cross
the test chamber to the chamber outlet. Adjust the blower speed
10.5.2 Acceptability of the reference standards shall be
to accomplish this in 7 6 1s.
agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
10.3 Calibrate the humidity indicator for 12 % relative
11. Conditioning
humidity by storing over a saturated solution of lithium
chloride at 20 6 1°C in accordance with Method C of Practice
11.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23 6
E 104. It is necessary to alternate the indicator between the
2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less
12 % humidity and a higher humidity (40 to 50 %) several
than 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of
times to be certain that the indicator returns to the 12 %
Practice D
...
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