ASTM E3006-20

Standard Practice for Ultraviolet Conditioning of Photovoltaic Modules or Mini-Modules Using a Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Photovoltaic modules and components must be resistant to prolonged exposure to solar radiation, moisture and heat. Degradation of polymeric components, delamination at the encapsulant and other interfaces, and moisture ingress are among the degradation modes known to decrease the output of photovoltaic modules. IEC qualification standards for PV modules include tests intended to uncover whether solar ultraviolet radiation induced degradation may cause early-life failures. This practice provides general and specific guidance on performing tests that meet the requirements of the ultraviolet radiation conditioning exposures in the IEC qualification standards.4 Other protocols exist that may also conform to the IEC test requirements.  
5.2 In the qualification test sequence, this UV preconditioning exposure is conducted prior to the thermal cycling and humidity freeze tests. These tests were included to replicate a delamination failure observed in modules.5  
5.3 IEC exposure methods should not be considered as long-term weathering tests. Exposure to moisture in the form of condensation or water spray is not a requirement of the UV exposure tests in IEC PV module qualification standards. Inclusion of moisture is typically a consideration in weathering tests.  
5.4 Variation in test results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the acceptable limits of this standard. In particular, reciprocity of degradation among varying irradiance levels should not be assumed. Consequently, no reference to this practice should be made without an accompanying report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used.  
5.5 Correlation between this practice and long term performance of PV modules in real-world installations has not been determined. Although experience has shown these methods are effective in screening for unstable materials and systems, it is unknown at this time if degradation due to prolonged solar...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions for performing ultraviolet conditioning exposures on photovoltaic modules or mini-modules using fluorescent ultraviolet lamps in accordance with Practices G151 and G154. This practice covers test conditions that meet the requirements for UV preconditioning in initial qualification tests of photovoltaic modules or mini-modules as published in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jan-2020
• ICS: 27.160 - Solar energy engineering
• Technical Committee: E44 - Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources
• Drafting Committee: E44.09 - Photovoltaic Electric Power Conversion

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E3006-15 - Standard Practice for Ultraviolet Conditioning of Photovoltaic Modules or Mini-Modules Using a Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM G130-12(2020) - Standard Test Method for Calibration of Narrow- and Broad-Band Ultraviolet Radiometers Using a Spectroradiometer
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020
• Refers: ASTM G113-14 - Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM E772-13 - Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2013
• Refers: ASTM G154-12 - Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Refers: ASTM G130-12 - Standard Test Method for Calibration of Narrow- and Broad-Band Ultraviolet Radiometers Using a Spectroradiometer
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2012
• Refers: ASTM E772-11 - Standard Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Refers: ASTM G151-10 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Refers: ASTM G151-09 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Refers: ASTM G113-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009
• Refers: ASTM G113-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2008
• Refers: ASTM G177-03(2008)e1 - Standard Tables for Reference Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Distributions: Hemispherical on 37<span class='unicode'>&#x00B0;</span> Tilted Surface
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2008
• Refers: ASTM G113-06 - Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Refers: ASTM G113-06e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Refers: ASTM G151-06 - Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2006

Overview

ASTM E3006-20: Standard Practice for Ultraviolet Conditioning of Photovoltaic Modules or Mini-Modules Using a Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus provides guidance for conducting ultraviolet (UV) conditioning exposures on photovoltaic (PV) modules or mini-modules. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is vital for testing the durability and reliability of PV modules against UV-induced degradation, simulating the effects of sunlight over time in a controlled laboratory environment.

This standard is aligned with international guidelines, supporting compliance with IEC qualification standards for PV modules, and complements other ASTM and ISO testing procedures.

Key Topics

• Purpose of UV Conditioning
  PV modules must demonstrate resistance to cumulative exposure to solar UV radiation, heat, and moisture. Degradation of polymeric components, delaminations at encapsulant and interface layers, and moisture ingress are known failure mechanisms that can reduce PV module performance.
• Test Method and Procedures
  The practice outlines procedures and test conditions for laboratory-based UV exposure using fluorescent UV lamps (e.g., UVA-340, UVB-313), referencing ASTM Practices G151 and G154 as well as ISO 4892-3 for apparatus specifications.
• Sequence in Qualification
  UV preconditioning is done prior to further reliability tests such as thermal cycling and humidity freeze, focusing specifically on the effects of UV, not moisture or physical weathering.
• Reporting Requirements
  Due to variability in test conditions, all reports must include detailed operational parameters, including lamp types, irradiance, exposure time, and temperature control, to ensure transparency and reproducibility.

Applications

ASTM E3006-20 is widely used in:

• Product Qualification
  Ensures PV modules meet the required resistance to UV-induced aging as part of pre-market qualification and type approval, following protocols from IEC 61215-2, IEC 61345, and IEC 61730-2.
• Materials Screening
  Effective for identifying unstable or poor-performing materials by exposing modules or materials to accelerated UV stress and monitoring changes.
• Comparative Testing
  Provides a comparative basis for evaluating different materials, encapsulants, and module designs under controlled UV exposure.
• Laboratory Research and Development
  Enables manufacturers, research labs, and test labs to simulate solar exposure in a reproducible manner, supporting innovation and improved PV module design.

Practical Value

• Facilitates global market access
  By aligning with IEC and ISO standards, PV module manufacturers can demonstrate compliance with international requirements, aiding entry into various international markets.
• Reduces early-life failures
  Early detection of UV-sensitive materials or designs helps prevent costly warranty claims and field failures.
• Enhances reliability data
  Labs and manufacturers obtain robust, comparable data on module durability under UV exposure, supporting better product guarantees and customer confidence.

Related Standards

• ASTM G151 - Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• ASTM G154 - Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
• IEC 61215-2 - Terrestrial photovoltaic modules - Design qualification and type approval, Part 2: Test procedures
• IEC 61730-2 - Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 2: Requirements for testing
• ISO 4892-3 - Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps

Conclusion

Adopting ASTM E3006-20 ensures the UV durability and long-term reliability of photovoltaic modules, aligning laboratory testing practices with IEC and ISO standards. This drives higher product quality, reduces risk of in-service failures, and streamlines the certification process for global PV manufacturers and test laboratories. For professionals in PV manufacturing, testing, and research, this standard is an essential tool for qualifying modules against UV-related premature degradation.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3006 − 20 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Ultraviolet Conditioning of Photovoltaic Modules or Mini-
Modules Using a Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G151PracticeforExposingNonmetallicMaterialsinAccel-
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test condi-
G154Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)
tions for performing ultraviolet conditioning exposures on
Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
photovoltaic modules or mini-modules using fluorescent ultra-
G177Tables for Reference Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Distri-
violet lamps in accordance with Practices G151 and G154.
butions: Hemispherical on 37° Tilted Surface
This practice covers test conditions that meet the requirements
2.2 IEC Standards:
for UV preconditioning in initial qualification tests of photo-
IEC 61215: 2005Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic
voltaic modules or mini-modules as published in International
(PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval,
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards.
Second Edition (withdrawn)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
IEC 61215-2: 2016Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules –
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Design qualification and type approval, Part 2: Test
standard.
procedures, First Edition
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
IEC 61345: 1998UV test for photovoltaic (PV) modules,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
First Edition (withdrawn)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
IEC 61646: 2008Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV)
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
modules–Designqualificationandtypeapproval,Edition
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.0 (withdrawn)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
IEC 61730-2: 2016Photovoltaic (PV) module safety quali-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- fication - Part 2: Requirements for testing, Edition 2.0
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.3 ISO Standards:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ISO 4892-3Plastics – Method of exposure to laboratory
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
light sources—Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 and Termi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nology E772 are applicable to this practice.
E772Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
4. Summary of Practice
G113Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificialWeath-
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
4.1 Specimens are exposed to fluorescent ultraviolet lamps
G130Test Method for Calibration of Narrow- and Broad-
of types UVA-340 and UVB-313 as needed to achieve specific
Band Ultraviolet Radiometers Using a Spectroradiometer
dosagesofultravioletradiationasrequiredbyIECqualification
standards for photovoltaic modules and materials or by agree-
ment between contractual parties.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,
GeothermalandOtherAlternativeEnergySourcesandisthedirectresponsibilityof
5. Significance and Use
Subcommittee E44.09 on Photovoltaic Electric Power Conversion.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2020. Published February 2020. Originally
5.1 Photovoltaic modules and components must be resistant
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E3006-15. DOI:
to prolonged exposure to solar radiation, moisture and heat.
10.1520/E3006-20
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de
the ASTM website. Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E3006 − 20
Degradation of polymeric components, delamination at the used shall be stated in the test report. The particular qualifica-
encapsulant and other interfaces, and moisture ingress are tion test requirement or application determines which lamp
among the degradation modes known to decrease the output of type(s) is used.
photovoltaic modules. IEC qualification standards for PV 6.2.1 Actual irradiance levels at the test specimen surface
modules include tests intended to uncover whether solar mayvaryduetothetypeormanufacturerofthelampused,the
ultraviolet radiation induced degradation may cause early-life age of the lamps, the power supply, the distance to the lamp
failures. This practice provides general and specific guidance array, the air temperature within the exposure chamber, reflec-
on performing tests that meet the requirements of the ultravio- tivity of interior chamber surfaces, and the ambient laboratory
let radiation conditioning exposures in the IEC qualification temperature. Consequently, the use of a radiometer to monitor
standards. Other protocols exist that may also conform to the theirradianceatthespecimenplaneisrequired.Theradiometer
IEC test requirements. shall comply with the requirements of Practice G151. Use of a
feedback loop system to control the irradiance during the
5.2 In the qualification test sequence, this UVprecondition-
exposure is recommended.
ing exposure is conducted prior to the thermal cycling and
6.2.2 Several factors can affect the spectral power distribu-
humidity freeze tests. These tests were included to replicate a
5 tionoffluorescentUVlamps,includingtypeanduniformityof
delamination failure observed in modules.
the phosphor coating, changes in transmission due to aging of
5.3 IEC exposure methods should not be considered as
the glass used in some types of lamps, accumulation of dirt or
long-term weathering tests. Exposure to moisture in the form
other residue on lamps, and thickness of the lamp glass.
of condensation or water spray is not a requirement of the UV
6.2.3 CommonLampTypes—Twotypesoflampsusedinthe
exposure tests in IEC PV module qualification standards.
fluorescent UV lamp devices are defined in Practice G154 for
Inclusionofmoistureistypicallyaconsiderationinweathering
photodegradation and weathering tests: UVB-313 and UVA-
tests.
340, respectively. Lamp manufacturers shall followAnnexA1
5.4 Variationintestresultsmaybeexpectedwhenoperating of Practice G154 to demonstrate conformance to Table 1 and
Table 2. If other lamp types are employed, their spectral
conditions are varied within the acceptable limits of this
standard. In particular, reciprocity of degradation among vary- irradiance must be included in the test report showing enough
resolution to calculate UV exposure dosages. See Annex A1
ing irradiance levels should not be assumed. Consequently, no
reference to this practice should be made without an accom- for further information.
6.2.3.1 Spectral Irradiance of UVA-340 Lamps—The spec-
panying report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that
describes the specific operating conditions used. tral power distribution of UVA-340 fluorescent lamps, which
have a peak emission at 343 nm, shall comply with the
5.5 Correlation between this practice and long term perfor-
requirements specified in Table 1. Additional information is
mance of PV modules in real-world installations has not been
provided in Annex A1.
determined.Althoughexperiencehasshownthesemethodsare
6.2.3.2 Spectral Irradiance of UVB-313 Lamps—The spec-
effective in screening for unstable materials and systems, it is
tral power distribution of UVB-313 fluorescent lamps, which
unknown at this time if degradation due to prolonged solar
have a peak emission at 313 nm, shall comply with the
ultraviolet exposure can be replicated by extending the time
requirements specified in Table 2. Additional information is
and energy dosage of the exposures described in this practice.
provided in Annex A1.
The most effective use of this practice is as a comparative tool
for evaluating materials and systems. Consequently, the use of 6.3 Test Chamber and Ultraviolet Radiation Uniformity—
The design of the test chamber may vary, but it should be
controls or reference materials of known performance is
recommended; refer to Practice G151, Section 6.2.4. constructed from corrosion-resistant material. The fluorescent
UVlamp(s)shallbelocatedwithrespecttothespecimenssuch
6. Apparatus
that the uniformity of irradiance at the specimen face complies
with the requirements in Practice G151.
6.1 Practice G154 and ISO 4892-3 describe essential fea-
tures of the apparatus and equipment required for this practice.
6.4 Thermometer—The chamber shall have means of con-
trolling temperature. An uninsulated black panel thermometer
6.2 Laboratory Light Source—The light source shall be
is recommended to measure and control test temperatures, but
fluorescent UVlamps as defined in Practice G154. Differences
insulated black panels or white panels may also be used.
inlampintensityorspectrummaycausesignificantdifferences
Thermometers shall conform to the descriptions found in
in test results. A detailed description of the type(s) of lamp(s)
Practice G151. If the control temperature and the specimen
IEC photovoltaic module standards require a series of simulated solar ultra-
violet radiation exposure tests to evaluate the performance of modules and Mixingofdifferenttypesoflampsinasingleexposureisnotrecommended,as
components under the stresses simulating inherent in the in-service environment. this may produce inconsistencies in the radiation falling on the samples, unless the
Since few of these tests protocols, nor the equipment required for their execution, apparatus has been specifically designed to ensure a uniform spectral distribution.
are clearly defined,ASTM Subcommittee E44.09, part of Committee E44 on Solar, Use of two different lamp types may be desirable or required to meet exposure
Geothermal and OtherAlternative Energy Sources has set out on a course of action requirements of certain methods. In devices not capable of providing uniform
to standardize defined test methods confroming to the IEC requirements. irradiance using multiple lamp types, it is recommended to divide the exposure
Osterwald, C. R., and McMahon, T. J., “History ofAccelerated and Qualifica- period into distinct parts so that specimens are exposed to each lamp type
tion Testing of Terrestrial Photovoltaic Modules: A Literature Review,” Prog. consecutively rather than concurrently. See Section 7 and Appendix X2 for
Photovolt: Res. Appl., 2009, 17, pp. 11–33. additional information.
E3006 − 20
temperature differ, then the relationship between the two shall effects of lamp aging and power fluctuations. Annex A1
bedeterminedandthecontroltemperaturesetsoastomaintain describesamethodofmeasuringandsettingtheirradianceand
the required specimen temperature during the exposure test.
testdurationusinganarrowbandradiometercalibratedaccord-
The correlation between control temperature and specimen
ing to Test Method G130 for use with specific fluorescent UV
temperature during irradiation can be obtained by placing a
lamps. Wide band radiometers designed to measure UVA and
thermometer/thermocouple on the unirradiated side of the
UVB energy may also be used.
specimen and measuring the specimen temperature over a
7.4.1 Although not a requirement, systems with feedback
range of control temperatures.
loop irradiance control are preferred. When systems without
irradiance control are used, the operator must take additional
TABLE 1 Relative Ultraviolet Spectral Power Distribution
steps to measure the irradiance at regular intervals and make
Specification for Fluorescent UVA-340 Lamps
adjustments to lamp power or test duration to ensure proper
Spectral Bandpass Minimum Benchmark Benchmark Maximum
A
radiant dosage has been delivered to specimens.
Wavelength λ in nm Percent AM1.5 Solar AM1 Solar Percent
Radiation Radiation
7.4.2 Test Duration—These methods specify exposure du-
Percent Percent
rationintermsoftotalradiantenergydosages(kWh/m )rather
λ <290 0.01
thantimebecauseawiderangeofirradiancelevelsareallowed
290# λ# 320 5.9 3.5 5.8 9.3
320 < λ# 360 60.9 38.0 40.0 65.5
by the IEC. These radiant energy dosages are defined for
360 < λ# 400 26.5 58.5 54.2 32.8
specificspectralregions.Exposuredurationsaredeterminedby
A
Visible light output from fluorescent UV lamps typically represents 10-20 % of
these energy dosages and the spectral irradiance of the light
total radiation, but this value is not specified in Practice G154.
source(s) in these regions. Dosages specified in 7.5 are
described by the equation:
TABLE 2 Relative Ultraviolet Spectral Power Distribution
λB
D 5 I 3 t (1)
*
Specification for Fluorescent UVB-313 Lamps A→B
λA
where:
Spectral Bandpass Minimum Benchmark Benchmark Maximum
A
Wavelength λ in nm Percent AM1.5 Solar AM1 Solar Percent
Radiation Radiation
D = radiant dosage of wavelength band between wave-
A→B
Percent Percent
lengths A and B in kilowatt-hours per square metre
λ <290 1.3 5.4
I = irradiance in watts per square meter
290# λ# 320 47.8 3.5 5.8 65.9
λ = wavelength at lower limit of spectral band specified
A
320 < λ# 360 26.9 38.0 40.0 43.9
λ = wavelength at upper limit of spectral band specified
360 < λ# 400 1.7 58.5 54.2 7.2
B
A t = duration of exposure in hours
Visible light output from fluorescent UV lamps typically represents 10-20 % of
total radiation, but this value is not specified in Practice G154.
7.4.3 Irradiance in each of the required spectral bands can
be measured directly or, in cases where the spectral power
distribution of the fluorescent UV lamps is known to remain
7. Procedure
stable over time, by mathematically converting measurements
7.1 CalibrationandMaintenance—Calibrateallsensorsand
taken at a 1 nm bandpass wavelength (narrow band) or in the
maintain devices according to manufacturers’ recommenda-
entire UV spectral region (wide band). When converting
tions. Narrow or broad band radiometers may be calibrated
measurements, see Annex A1 for specific guidance.
according to Test Method G130.
7.4.4 Test duration may be calculated by dividing the
7.2 Mounting of Test Specimens—Mount test specimens
required dosage in kWh/m in the defined spectral regions by
using non-corrosive holders or module clips specifically de-
the irradiance of that region. Wide band radiometers designed
signedforthemoduletestedinsuchamannerthattheyarenot
to measure accumulated dosage may also be used.
subject to physical stress. When test specimens do not com-
7.4.5 The spectral irradiance of common fluorescent ultra-
pletely fill the specimen racks or exposure area, fill all empty
violet lamps does not simultaneously meet the dosage require-
spaces with blank panels and seal any holes or gaps in
ments of all wavelength bands for some methods. Operators
specimens to maintain the test conditions within the chamber.
may need to expose specimens under two different types of
7.3 Specimen Repositioning—Unless specimen size makes
lamps in consecutive exposures in order to avoid dosages in
repositioning impossible, follow the guidelines on reposition-
excessoftherequirements.SeeAppendixX1forguidanceand
ing in Practice G154.
specific examples using common lamp types.
7.4 Measuring and Setting Irradiance—These methods do
7.4.6 Although the IEC standards allow a range of irradi-
not require any specific irradiance set point as long as the total
ance values, reciprocity between various cycles should not be
ultraviolet irradiance integrated over the range 280-400 nm is
assumed. Refer to Practice G151, Section 4 and Appendix X1.
lessthan250W/m ,whichisapproximatelyequaltofivetimes
7.5 Test Methods:
standard test condition (STC) irradiance. However, the UV
irradiance must be measured in the same plane as test speci-
mensinordertoverifycompliancewiththemaximumallowed
irradiance and to accurately calculate radiant dosage, and the
The methods in 7.5 include dosage requirements in the following spectral
test apparatus must be maintained in order to account for the bands: 280 to 400 nm, 280 to 385 nm, 280 to 320 nm.
E3006 − 20
7.5.1 MethodA—Thismethodconformstotherequirements 7.5.3.2 TestTemperature—Controlthechambertemperature
of IEC 61215-2 First Edition and superseded IEC 61646, such that the specimen temperature is 60 °C (with maximum
Edition 2.0. allowablechamberoperationalfluctuationof 65°C)bymeans
7.5.1.1 Lamp Type—UVA-340 lamps as defined in Table 1. of an uninsulated black panel or other method agreed upon by
7.5.1.2 TestTemperature—Controlthechambertemperature contractual parties.
such that the specimen temperature is 60°C (with allowable 7.5.3.3 Modules shall be exposed under open-circuit condi-
operationalfluctuationsof 65°C)bymeansofcorrelationtoan
tions.
uninsulated black panel temperature or other method agreed 7.5.3.4 Mount the specimens in the test plane such that they
upon by contractual parties.
are normal to the UV irradiance beam. In practical terms this
7.5.1.3 Modules shall be exposed under short circuit condi- means specimens will be parallel to the fluorescent UV lamps
tions.
andatthesamedistanceinwhichirradiancemeasurementsare
7.5.1.4 Mount the specimens in the test plane such that they taken.
are normal to the UV irradiance beam. In practical terms this
7.5.3.5 Operate the apparatus until the total UV dosage is a
means specimens will be parallel to the fluorescent UV lamps
minimum of 15 kWh/m in the wavelength range from 280 to
andatthesamedistanceinwhichirradiancemeasurementsare
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3006 − 15 E3006 − 20 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Ultraviolet Conditioning of Photovoltaic Modules or Mini-
Modules Using a Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions for performing ultraviolet conditioning exposures on
photovoltaic modules or mini-modules using fluorescent ultraviolet lamps in accordance with Practices G151 and G154. This
practice covers test conditions that meet the requirements for UV preconditioning in initial qualification tests of photovoltaic
modules or mini-modules as published in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E772 Terminology of Solar Energy Conversion
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G130 Test Method for Calibration of Narrow- and Broad-Band Ultraviolet Radiometers Using a Spectroradiometer
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G177 Tables for Reference Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Distributions: Hemispherical on 37° Tilted Surface
2.2 IEC Standards:
IEC 6121561215: 2005 Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – designDesign qualification and type approval,
Second Edition (withdrawn)
IEC 61215-2: 2016 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval, Part 2: Test procedures, First
Edition
IIEC 61345IEC 61345: 1998 UV test for photovoltaic (PV) modules, First Edition (withdrawn)
IEC 6164661646: 2008 Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval, Edition 2.0
(withdrawn)
IEC 61730-2: 2016 Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 2: Requirements for testing, Edition 2.0
2.3 ISO Standards:
ISO 4892-3 Plastics – Method of exposure to laboratory light sources—Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E44.09 on Photovoltaic Electric Power Conversion.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015Jan. 15, 2020. Published April 2014February 2020. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
E3006-15. DOI: 10.1520/E3006-1510.1520/E3006-20
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E3006 − 20
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 and Terminology E772 are applicable to this practice.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Specimens are exposed to fluorescent ultraviolet lamps of types UVA-340 and UVB-313 as needed to achieve specific
dosages of ultraviolet radiation as required by IEC qualification standards for photovoltaic modules and materials or by agreement
between contractual parties.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Photovoltaic modules and components must be resistant to prolonged exposure to solar radiation, moisture and heat.
Degradation of polymeric components, delamination at the encapsulant and other interfaces, and moisture ingress are among the
degradation modes known to decrease the output of photovoltaic modules. IEC qualification standards for PV modules include tests
intended to uncover whether solar ultraviolet radiation induced degradation may cause early-life failures. This practice provides
general and specific guidance on performing tests that meet the requirements of the ultraviolet radiation conditioning exposures
in the IEC qualification standards. Other protocols exist that may also conform to the IEC test requirements.
5.2 In the qualification test sequence, this UV preconditioning exposure is conducted prior to the thermal cycling and humidity
freeze tests. These tests were included to replicate a delamination failure observed in modules.
5.3 IEC exposure methods should not be considered as long term long-term weathering tests. Exposure to moisture in the form
of condensation or water spray is not a requirement of the UV exposure tests in IEC PV module qualification standards. Inclusion
of moisture is typically a consideration in weathering tests.
5.4 Variation in test results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the acceptable limits of this standard.
In particular, reciprocity of degradation among varying irradiance levels should not be assumed. Consequently, no reference to this
practice should be made without an accompanying report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific
operating conditions used.
5.5 Correlation between this practice and long term performance of PV modules in real-world installations has not been
determined. Although experience has shown these methods are effective in screening for unstable materials and systems, it is
unknown at this time if degradation due to prolonged solar ultraviolet exposure can be replicated by extending the time and energy
dosage of the exposures described in this practice. The most effective use of this practice is as a comparative tool for evaluating
materials and systems. Consequently, the use of controls or reference materials of known performance is recommended; refer to
Practice G151, Section 6.2.4.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Practice G154 and ISO 4892-3 describe essential features of the apparatus and equipment required for this practice.
6.2 Laboratory Light Source—The light source shall be fluorescent UV lamps as defined in Practice G154. Differences in lamp
intensity or spectrum may cause significant differences in test results. A detailed description of the type(s) of lamp(s) used shall
be stated in the test report. The particular qualification test requirement or application determines which lamp type(s) is used.
6.2.1 Actual irradiance levels at the test specimen surface may vary due to the type or manufacturer of the lamp used, the age
of the lamps, the power supply, the distance to the lamp array, the air temperature within the exposure chamber, reflectivity of
interior chamber surfaces, and the ambient laboratory temperature. Consequently, the use of a radiometer to monitor the irradiance
at the specimen plane is required. The radiometer shall comply with the requirements of Practice G151. Use of a feedback loop
system to control the irradiance during the exposure is recommended.
6.2.2 Several factors can affect the spectral power distribution of fluorescent UV lamps, including type and uniformity of the
phosphor coating, changes in transmission due to aging of the glass used in some types of lamps, accumulation of dirt or other
residue on lamps, and thickness of the lamp glass.
6.2.3 Common Lamp Types—Two types of lamps used in the fluorescent UV lamp devices are defined in Practice G154 for
photodegradation and weathering tests: UVB-313 and UVA-340, respectively. Lamp manufacturers shall follow Annex A1 of
IEC photovoltaic module standards require a series of simulated solar ultraviolet radiation exposure tests to evaluate the performance of modules and components under
the stresses simulating inherent in the in-service environment. Since few of these tests protocols, nor the equipment required for their execution, are clearly defined, ASTM
Subcommittee E44.09, part of Committee E44 on Solar, Geothermal and Other Alternative Energy Sources has set out on a course of action to standardize defined test methods
confroming to the IEC requirements.
Osterwald, C. R., and McMahon, T. J., “History of Accelerated and Qualification Testing of Terrestrial Photovoltaic Modules: A Literature Review,” Prog. Photovolt:
Res. Appl., 2009, 17, pp. 11–33.
Mixing of different types of lamps in a single exposure is not recommended, as this may produce inconsistencies in the radiation falling on the samples, unless the
apparatus has been specifically designed to ensure a uniform spectral distribution. Use of two different lamp types may be desirable or required to meet exposure requirements
of certain methods. In devices not capable of providing uniform irradiance using multiple lamp types, it is recommended to divide the exposure period into distinct parts so
that specimens are exposed to each lamp type consecutively rather than concurrently. See Section 7 and Appendix X2 for additional information.
E3006 − 20
Practice G154 to demonstrate conformance to Table 1Table 1 and Table 2. Table 2. If other lamp types are employed, their spectral
irradiance must be included in the test report showing enough resolution to calculate UV exposure dosages. See Annex A1 for
further information.
6.2.3.1 Spectral Irradiance of UVA-340 Lamps—The spectral power distribution of UVA-340 fluorescent lamps, which have a
peak emission at 343 nm, shall comply with the requirements specified in Table 1. Table 1. Additional information is provided in
Annex A1.
6.2.3.2 Spectral Irradiance of UVB-313 Lamps—The spectral power distribution of UVB-313 fluorescent lamps, which have a
peak emission at 313 nm, shall comply with the requirements specified in Table 2. Table 2. Additional information is provided in
Annex A1.
6.3 Test Chamber and Ultraviolet Radiation Uniformity—The design of the test chamber may vary, but it should be constructed
from corrosion resistant corrosion-resistant material. The fluorescent UV lamp(s) shall be located with respect to the specimens
such that the uniformity of irradiance at the specimen face complies with the requirements in Practice G151.
6.4 Thermometer—The chamber shall have means of controlling temperature. An uninsulated black panel thermometer is
recommended to measure and control test temperatures, but insulated black panels or white panels may also be used. Thermometers
shall conform to the descriptions found in Practice G151. If the control temperature and the specimen temperature differ, then the
relationship between the two shall be determined and the control temperature set so as to maintain the required specimen
temperature during the exposure test. The correlation between control temperature and specimen temperature during irradiation can
be obtained by placing a thermometer/thermocouple on the unirradiated side of the specimen and measuring the specimen
temperature over a range of control temperatures.
7. Procedure
7.1 Calibration and Maintenance—Calibrate all sensors and maintain devices according to manufacturers’ recommendations.
Narrow or broad band radiometers may be calibrated according to Test Method G130.
7.2 Mounting of Test Specimens—Mount test specimens using non-corrosive holders or module clips specifically designed for
the module tested in such a manner that they are not subject to physical stress. When test specimens do not completely fill the
specimen racks or exposure area, fill all empty spaces with blank panels and seal any holes or gaps in specimens to maintain the
test conditions within the chamber.
7.3 Specimen Repositioning—Unless specimen size makes repositioning impossible, follow the guidelines on repositioning in
Practice G154.
7.4 Measuring and Setting Irradiance—These methods do not require any specific irradiance set point as long as the total
ultraviolet irradiance integrated over the range 280-400 nm is less than 250 W/m , which is approximately equal to five times
standard test condition (STC) irradiance. However, the UV irradiance must be measured in the same plane as test specimens in
order to verify compliance with the maximum allowed irradiance and to accurately calculate radiant dosage, and the test apparatus
must be maintained in order to account for the effects of lamp aging and power fluctuations. Annex A1 describes a method of
measuring and setting the irradiance and test duration using a narrow band radiometer calibrated according to Test Method G130
for use with specific fluorescent UV lamps. Wide band radiometers designed to measure UVA and UVB energy may also be used.
7.4.1 Although not a requirement, systems with feedback loop irradiance control are preferred. When systems without
irradiance control are used, the operator must take additional steps to measure the irradiance at regular intervals and make
adjustments to lamp power or test duration to ensure proper radiant dosage has been delivered to specimens.
7.4.2 Test Duration—These methods specify exposure duration in terms of total radiant energy dosages (kWh/m ) rather than
time because a wide range of irradiance levels are allowed by the IEC. These radiant energy dosages are defined for specific
TABLE 1 Relative Ultraviolet Spectral Power Distribution
Specification for Fluorescent UVA-340 Lamps
Spectral Bandpass Minimum Benchmark Benchmark Maximum
A
Wavelength λ in nm Percent AM1.5 Solar AM1 Solar Percent
Radiation Radiation
Percent Percent
λ <290 0.01
290 # λ # 320 5.9 3.5 5.8 9.3
320 < λ # 360 60.9 38.0 40.0 65.5
360 < λ # 400 26.5 58.5 54.2 32.8
A
Visible light output from fluorescent UV lamps typically represents 10-20 % of
total radiation, but this value is not specified in Practice G154.
E3006 − 20
TABLE 2 Relative Ultraviolet Spectral Power Distribution
Specification for Fluorescent UVB-313 Lamps
Spectral Bandpass Minimum Benchmark Benchmark Maximum
A
Wavelength λ in nm Percent AM1.5 Solar AM1 Solar Percent
Radiation Radiation
Percent Percent
λ <290 1.3 5.4
290 # λ # 320 47.8 3.5 5.8 65.9
320 < λ # 360 26.9 38.0 40.0 43.9
360 < λ # 400 1.7 58.5 54.2 7.2
A
Visible light output from fluorescent UV lamps typically represents 10-20 % of
total radiation, but this value is not specified in Practice G154.
spectral regions. Exposure durations are determined by these energy dosages and the spectral irradiance of the light source(s) in
these regions. Dosages specified in 7.5 are described by the equation:
λB
D 5 I 3 t (1)
*
A→B
λA
where:
D = radiant dosage of wavelength band between wavelengths A and B in kilowatt-hours per square metre
A→B
I = irradiance in watts per square meter
λ = wavelength at lower limit of spectral band specified
A
λ = wavelength at upper limit of spectral band specified
B
t = duration of exposure in hours
7.4.3 Irradiance in each of the required spectral bands can be measured directly or, in cases where the spectral power distribution
of the fluorescent UV lamps is known to remain stable over time, by mathematically converting measurements taken at a 1 nm
bandpass wavelength (narrow band) or in the entire UV spectral region (wide band). When converting measurements, see Annex
A1 for specific guidance.
7.4.4 Test duration may be calculated by dividing the required dosage in kWh/m in the defined spectral regions by the
irradiance of that region. Wide band radiometers designed to measure accumulated dosage may also be used.
7.4.5 The spectral irradiance of common fluorescent ultraviolet lamps does not simultaneously meet the dosage requirements
of all wavelength bands for some methods. Operators may need to expose specimens under two different types of lamps in
consecutive exposures in order to avoid dosages in excess of the requirements. See Appendix X1 for guidance and specific
examples using common lamp types.
7.4.6 Although the IEC standards allow a range of irradiance values, reciprocity between various cycles should not be assumed.
Refer to Practice G151, Section 4 and Appendix X1.
7.5 Test Methods:
7.5.1 Method A—This method conforms to the requirements of IEC 61646: Design Qualification for Thin Film PV
Modules—UV Preconditioning Under Resistive Load, 61215-2 First Edition 2.0 and IEC 61215: Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial
Photovoltaic (PV) Modules – Design Qualification and Type Approval–UV Preconditioning, Third Edition.and superseded IEC
61646, Edition 2.0.
7.5.1.1 Lamp Type—UVA-340 lamps as defined in Table 1.
7.5.1.2 Test Temperature—Control the chamber temperature such that the specimen temperature is 60°C (with allowable
operational fluctuations of 65°C) by means of correlation to an uninsulated black panel temperature or other method agreed upon
by contractual parties.
7.5.1.3 When required by the specific module qualification standard, attach a resistive load to the module such that at STC the
module will operate close to its maximum power point.Modules shall be exposed under short circuit conditions.
7.5.1.4 Mount the specimens in the test plane such that they are normal to the UV irradiance beam. In practical terms this means
specimens will be parallel to the fluorescent UV lamps and at the same distance in which irradiance measurements are taken.
7.5.1.5 Operate the apparatus until the total radiant dosage is 15 kWh/m in the wavelength range from 280 to 400 nm. When
using UVA-340 lamps, the dosage at wavelengths between 280 and 320 nm will meet the requirement that it is 3 to 10 % of the
total. See Appendix X2 for specific test settings for certain test apparatus.
7.5.2 Method B—This method conforms to the requirements of IEC 61215: Design Qualification for Crystalline Silicon PV
Modules—UV Preconditioning Under Open Circuit Conditions, superseded IEC 61215, Second Edition.
7.5.2.1 Lamp Type—For this method, consecutive exposures with UVA-340 lamps as defined in Table 1 and UVB-313 lamps
as defined in Table 2 meet the requirement without excessive exposure to UV radiation in part of the spectrum.
The methods in 7.5 include dosage requirements in the following spectral bands: 280 to 400 nm, 280 to 385 nm, 280 to 320 nm.
The third edition of IEC 61215 will supersede the second edition of both 61215 and 61646 upon publication.
E3006 − 20
7.5.2.2 Test Temperature—Control the chamber te
...