ASTM D3106-07(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns
Standard Test Method for Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test Method D3106 for testing permanent deformation of elastomeric yarns is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments when there is prior agreement as to the exact value of elongation to be used for testing, since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable.
If there are differences or practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more) comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Yarns are subjected to long periods of tension resulting in an appreciable amount of stretch during normal use. A portion of the induced stretch may be permanent. The amount of permanent deformation is influenced by the amount of tension, the time the yarn is under tension and the time available for recovery between successive uses.
For optimum processing of elastomeric yarns, the permanent deformation value should be low or zero.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the permanent deformation of bare, continuous elastomeric monofilaments and filament yarns made from rubber, spandex, anidex, or other elastomers subjected to prolonged periods of tension. This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a linear density in the range from 4 to 320 tex (36 to 2900 den.).
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, core-spun yarns, or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.
1.3 This test method was developed using yarns in the “as-received” condition, but may be used for treated yarns provided the treatment is specified.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D3106 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Permanent Deformation of Elastomeric Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope break, extension, force, linear density, length distribution,
permanent deformation, velveteen.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the perma-
nent deformation of bare, continuous elastomeric monofila- 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
ments and filament yarns made from rubber, spandex, anidex, Terminology D123.
or other elastomers subjected to prolonged periods of tension.
4. Summary of Test Method
This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a
linear density in the range from 4 to 320 tex (36 to 2900 den.). 4.1 The nominal linear density of the sample is known or
determined and the elongation at the breaking force is deter-
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped,
mined from representative specimens.
core-spun yarns, or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.
4.2 A specimen from the sample is placed in a pair of
1.3 This test method was developed using yarns in the
line-contact clamps and held at a selected elongation for a
“as-received” condition, but may be used for treated yarns
specified period of time. The permanent deformation or non-
provided the treatment is specified.
recoverable stretch is measured after a specified recovery
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
period.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5. Significance and Use
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 Test Method D3106 for testing permanent deformation
of elastomeric yarns is considered satisfactory for acceptance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- testing of commercial shipments when there is prior agreement
as to the exact value of elongation to be used for testing, since
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. current estimates of between-laboratory precision are accept-
able.
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
D2433 Test Methods for Rubber Thread (Withdrawn 2012)
assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homoge-
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
neous as possible, drawn from the material from which the
3. Terminology
disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in
equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
from the two laboratories should be compared using a statis-
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
tical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be
breaking force, elastomeric yarn, elongation, elongation at
foundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterialmust
be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
5.2 Yarns are subjected to long periods of tension resulting
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
in an appreciable amount of stretch during normal use. A
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3106 – 07. DOI:
portion of the induced stretch may be permanent. The amount
10.1520/D3106-07R12.
of permanent deformation is influenced by the amount of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tension, the time the yarn is under tension and the time
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on available for recovery between successive uses.
the ASTM website.
5.3 For optimum processing of elastomeric yarns, the per-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. manent deformation value should be low or zero.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3106 − 07 (2012)
6. Apparatus as directed in the applicable material specification or other
agreement between the purchaser and supplier. Consider the
6.1 Line-Contact Clamps, with one fixed clamp and one
material shipping carton to be the primary sampling unit.
movable clamp, assembled as directed in Appendix X1, and as
shown in Fig. 1. 7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
tance testing, take at random the number of packages from
6.2 Tensioning Weights, 10 mg to 3 g, to pretension the
each shipping carton in the lot sample as directed in the
specimens before final clamping.
applicable material specification or other agreement between
NOTE 1—Aluminum foil has been found to be suitable for use as
the purchaser and the supplier. If differing numbers and
tensioning weights; the foil may be attached to the yarn by folding it over
packages are to be taken from the shipping cartons in the lot
the yarn.
sample, determine at random which shipping cartons are to
6.3 Stop Watch or Timer.
have each number of packages drawn.
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
7. Sampling
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
7.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
between shipping cartons, and the variability of the material within the
at random the number of shipping cartons of elastomeric yarn shipping carton, to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s
FIG. 1 Test Apparatus for Permanent Set
D3106 − 07 (2012)
risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
9. Conditioning
7.3 Test Specimens—From each package in the laboratory
9.1 Condition the specimens in the standard atmosphere for
sample, take the number of specimens directed in Section 8.
testing textiles, 65 6 2 % relative humidity and 21 6 1°C (70
Inspect each package after withdrawing at least five layers of
6 2°F) temperature, in moving air for a minimum time of 16
yarn from the outside of the package. If there is evidence of
h. Preconditioning is not necessary for the currently produced
damage,continuetowithdrawunitsoffivelayersandreinspect
rubber and other elastomers having a moisture regain below
until there is no discernible damage. Withdraw yarn over the
1.0 % and low moisture hysteresis.
end of the package and cut specimens approximately 150 mm
long. Discard specimens that are damaged during withdrawal
10. Procedure
or cutting. Withdraw at least2mof yarn between specimens
10.1 Test all specimens in the standard atmosphere for
from a single package.
testing textiles.
8. Specimens Per Package
10.2 Determinetheelongationatthebreakingforceforeach
specimen as directed in Test Method D2433.
8.1 Take a number of specimens per package such that the
usermayexpectatthe95 %probabilitylevelthatthetestresult
NOTE 3—When Test Method D3106 is used for acceptance testing, the
is no more than 0.55 percentage points above or below the true laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should agree
on a specific value of the elongation at the breaking force.
average of the package. Determine the number of specimens as
follows:
10.3 Determine the linear density for the sample as directed
8.1.1 Reliable Estimate of s—When there is a reliable
in Test Method D2433. The nominal linear density value may
estimate of s based on extensive past records for similar
be used.
materials tested in the user’s laboratory as directed in the test
10.4 Adjust the line-contact clamps for a 100 mm nominal
method, calculate the required number of specimens per
gage length (see Fig. 1). This is the original length of a
package using (Eq 1):
specimen.
n 5 ts/E (1)
~ !
NOTE 4—Aconvenient method for checking the gage length is to place
where: a piece of carbon paper and white paper in the clamps and close the
clamps. The distance between the marks on the whitepaper (made by the
n = number of specimens per package (rounded upward to a
carbon paper) is the nominal gage length. If the test apparatus is
whole number),
assembled as described in Appendix X1, the nominal gage length may be
s = reliable estimate of the standard deviation of individual
set directly.
observationsonsimilarmaterialsintheuser’slaboratory
10.5 Fasten one end of the specimen in the top clamp. Pass
under conditions of single-operator precision,
the other end of the specimen through the lower clamp faces
t = value of Student’s t for two-sided limits, a 95 %
and through the toggle clamp. Attach a tensioning mass equal
probability level, and the degree of freedom associated
to 0.03 mN/tex (0.3 6 0.1 mgf/den.) to the yarn below the
with the estimate of s (see Table 1), and
lowerclamp,allowingtheyarntohangfreelybetweenthejaws
E = 0.55 percentage points, the value of the allowable
of the lower clamp. Be sure the specimen remains in a vertical
variation.
plane. Close the lower clamp and remove the tensioning mass.
8.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of s—When there is no reliable
(See Note 1.)
estimate of s for the user’s laboratory, (Eq 1) should not be
10.6 Low
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