ASTM D3689/D3689M-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundation Elements Under Static Axial Tensile Load
Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundation Elements Under Static Axial Tensile Load
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Field tests provide the most reliable relationship between the axial load applied to a deep foundation and the resulting axial movement. Test results may also provide information used to assess the distribution of side shear resistance along the element and the long-term load-deflection behavior. The foundation engineer may evaluate the test results to determine if, after applying appropriate factors of safety, the element or group of elements has a static capacity, load response and deflection at service load satisfactory to support the foundation. When performed as part of a multiple-element test program, the foundation engineer may also use the results to assess the viability of different sizes and types of foundation elements and the variability of the test site.
5.2 If feasible and without exceeding the safe structural load on the element or element cap (hereinafter unless otherwise indicated, “element” and “element group” are interchangeable as appropriate), the maximum load applied should reach a failure load from which the foundation engineer may determine the axial static tensile load capacity of the element. Tests that achieve a failure load may help the foundation engineer improve the efficiency of the foundation design by reducing the foundation element length, quantity, and/or size.
5.3 If deemed impractical to apply axial test loads to an inclined element, the foundation engineer may elect to use axial test results from a nearby vertical element to evaluate the axial capacity of the inclined element. The foundation engineer may also elect to use a bi-directional axial test on an inclined element (D8169/D8169M).
5.4 Different loading test procedures may result in different load-displacement curves. The Quick Test (10.1.2) and Constant Rate of Uplift Test (10.1.4) typically can be completed in a few hours. Both are simple in concept, loading the element relatively quickly as load is increased. The Maintained Test (10.1.3) loads the element i...
SCOPE
1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the axial deflection of an individual vertical or inclined deep foundation element or group of elements when loaded in static axial tension. These methods apply to all types of deep foundations, or deep foundation systems, as they are practical to test. The individual components of which are referred to herein as elements that function as, or in a manner similar to, drilled shafts; cast-in-place piles (augered cast-in-place piles, barrettes, and slurry walls); driven piles, such as pre-cast concrete piles, timber piles or steel sections (steel pipes or wide flange beams); or any number of other element types, regardless of their method of installation. Although the test methods may be used for testing single elements or element groups, the test results may not represent the long-term performance of the entire deep foundation system. A summary of the test methods is contained in Section 4.
1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundation elements under static axial tensile load. Project plans, specifications, provisions, or any combination thereof may provide additional requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. The engineer in charge of the foundation design, referred to herein as the foundation engineer, shall approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this standard. (Exception: the test load applies to the testing apparatus shall not exceed the rated capacity established by the engineer who designed the testing apparatus.)
1.3 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional” may produce different test results and may be used only when approved by the foundation engineer. The word “shall” indicates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions.
1.4 The...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3689/D3689M − 22
Standard Test Methods for
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Deep Foundation Elements Under Static Axial Tensile Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3689/D3689M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope actual performance and adequacy of elements used in the
constructed foundation.
1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the
axial deflection of an individual vertical or inclined deep 1.5 An engineer qualified to perform such work shall design
foundation element or group of elements when loaded in static
and approve all loading apparatus, loaded members, and
axial tension. These methods apply to all types of deep support frames. The foundation engineer shall design or
foundations, or deep foundation systems, as they are practical
specify the test procedures.The text of this standard references
to test. The individual components of which are referred to notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These
herein as elements that function as, or in a manner similar to,
notesandfootnotes(excludingthoseintablesandfigures)shall
drilled shafts; cast-in-place piles (augered cast-in-place piles, not be considered requirements of the standard. This standard
barrettes, and slurry walls); driven piles, such as pre-cast
also includes illustrations and appendices intended only for
concretepiles,timberpilesorsteelsections(steelpipesorwide explanatory or advisory use.
flange beams); or any number of other element types, regard-
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
less of their method of installation. Although the test methods
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
may be used for testing single elements or element groups, the
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
test results may not represent the long-term performance of the
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
entire deep foundation system.Asummary of the test methods
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
is contained in Section 4.
conformance with the standard.
1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for test-
1.7 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used
ing deep foundation elements under static axial tensile load.
when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound
Project plans, specifications, provisions, or any combination
[lbf] represents a unit of force [weight], while the unit for mass
thereof may provide additional requirements and procedures as
is slug. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic
needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program.
[F=ma] calculations are involved.
The engineer in charge of the foundation design, referred to
1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
herein as the foundation engineer, shall approve any
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
deviations, deletions, or additions to the requirements of this
Practice D6026. The procedure used to specify how data are
standard. (Exception: the test load applies to the testing
collected, recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded
apparatus shall not exceed the rated capacity established by the
as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of
engineer who designed the testing apparatus.)
the significant digits that should generally be retained. The
1.3 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional”
proceduresuseddonotconsidermaterialvariation,purposefor
may produce different test results and may be used only when
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
approved by the foundation engineer. The word “shall” indi-
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
cates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
a recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
indicate mandatory provisions.
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
1.4 The foundation engineer should interpret the test results
methods for engineering data.
obtained from the procedures of this standard to predict the
1.9 The method used to specify how data are collected,
calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to
theaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorother
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These t
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation: D3689/D3689M − 07 (Reapproved 2013) D3689/D3689M − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Deep Foundations Foundation Elements Under Static Axial
1
Tensile Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3689/D3689M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Designation was editorially corrected to match units information in June 2013.
1. Scope
1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure the axial deflection of a an individual vertical or inclined deep foundation
element or group of elements when loaded in static axial tension. These methods apply to all deep foundations, types of deep
foundations, or deep foundation systems, as they are practical to test. The individual components of which are referred to herein
as “piles,”elements that function as, or in a manner similar to driven piles or cast in place piles, to, drilled shafts; cast-in-place piles
(augered cast-in-place piles, barrettes, and slurry walls); driven piles, such as pre-cast concrete piles, timber piles or steel sections
(steel pipes or wide flange beams); or any number of other element types, regardless of their method of installation, and installation.
Although the test methods may be used for testing single piles or pile groups. Theelements or element groups, the test results may
not represent the long-term performance of a deep foundation.the entire deep foundation system. A summary of the test methods
is contained in Section 4.
1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for testing deep foundations foundation elements under static axial tensile load.
Plans, Project plans, specifications, provisions, or any combination thereof prepared by a qualified engineer may provide additional
requirements and procedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particular test program. The engineer in responsible charge
of the foundation design, referred to herein as the foundation engineer, shall approve any deviations, deletions, or additions to the
requirements of this standard. (Exception: the test load applies to the testing apparatus shall not exceed the rated capacity
established by the engineer who designed the testing apparatus.)
1.3 This standard allows the following test procedures:
Procedure Test Section
A Quick Test 8.1.2
B Maintained Test (optional) 8.1.3
C Loading in Excess of Maintained Test (optional) 8.1.4
D Constant Time Interval Test (optional) 8.1.5
E Constant Rate of Uplift Test (optional) 8.1.6
F Cyclic Loading Test (optional) 8.1.7
1.3 Apparatus and procedures herein designated “optional” may produce different test results and may be used only when
approved by the foundation engineer. The word “shall” indicates a mandatory provision, and the word “should” indicates a
recommended or advisory provision. Imperative sentences indicate mandatory provisions.
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.11 on Deep Foundations.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013Jan. 1, 2022. Published July 2013February 2022. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 as
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D3689 – 07.D3689 – 07(2013) . DOI: 10.1520/D3689_D3689M-07R13.10.1520/D3689_D3689M-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3689/D3689M − 22
1.4 A qualified geotechnical The foundation engineer should interpret the test results obtained from the procedures of this standard
so as to predict the actual performance and adequacy of pileselements used in the constructed foundation. See Appendix X1 for
comments regarding some of the factors influencing the interpretation of test results.
1.5 A qualified engineer An engineer qualified to perform such work shall design and approve all loading apparatus, loaded
members, support frames, and and support frames. The foundation engineer shall design or specify the test procedures. The text
of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in
tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard. This standard also includes illustrations and appendices
intended only
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