ASTM D4898-90(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method indicates and measures the amount of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essential for the satisfactory performance and long life of the equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters but can damage functional system components resulting in wear and eventual system failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of insoluble contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analyses. The contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a membrane filter disk of pore diameter as required by applicable specifications (usually 0.45 m or 0.80 m).
1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate contamination, the gravimetric method should be supplemented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in accordance with Test Method F 312.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 6.1.
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Designation:D4898–90(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope F303 Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace
Fluids and Components
1.1 This test method covers the determination of insoluble
F312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting
contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analyses. The
Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-
F314 Test Methods for Identification of Metallic and Fi-
like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a
brous Contaminants in Aerospace Fluids
membranefilterdiskofporediameterasrequiredbyapplicable
2.2 Military Standard:
specifications (usually 0.45 µm or 0.80 µm).
MIL-C-81302 C Cleaning Compound Solvent Trichlorotri-
1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate
fluoroethane
contamination, the gravimetric method should be supple-
mented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in
3. Summary of Test Method
accordance with Test Method F312.
3.1 The insoluble contamination is determined by passing a
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
given quantity of a fluid sample through a membrane filter disk
standard.
and measuring the resultant increase in the weight of the filter.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The fluid sample is drawn through the filter by a vacuum and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the insoluble contamination is collected on the surface of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
filter. In addition, the filter disk is microscopically scanned for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
excessively large particles, fibers, or other unusual conditions.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
warning statement, see 6.1.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method indicates and measures the amount of
2. Referenced Documents
2 insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essen-
A555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for
tial for the satisfactory performance and long life of the
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters
D1836 Specification for Commercial Hexanes
but can damage functional system components resulting in
D2021 Specification for Neutral Detergent, 40 Percent
wear and eventual system failure.
Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Type
E319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical
5. Apparatus
Balances
5.1 Microbalance, accurate to 0.005 mg, and the zero shall
F302 Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in
not drift more than 0.005 mg during the test period. The rated
Containers
accuracy shall be obtainable by personnel actually making the
weighings, under actual conditions of use and shall be verified
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
in accordance with Practice E319.
Petroleum and Petroleum Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.2 Membrane Filter Support, fritted glass, sintered metal,
D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally or stainless steel screen, to support 25-mm or 47 to 51-mm
´1
approved in 1965. Test Method F313 – 70 was redesignated D4898 – 73 (1983) in
membrane filters. The support shall be designed to enable
´1
1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4898 – 90 (2000) . DOI:
attachment of a vacuum flask.
10.1520/D4898-90R05.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
the ASTM website. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4898–90 (2005)
5.3 Filtration Funnel, glass or stainless steel, minimum 8. Preparation of Apparatus
capacity 15 mL, designed to enable attachment to the mem-
8.1 The filtration funnel, petri dishes, graduated cylinders,
brane filter support by means of a suitable clamping device.
and sample bottles shall be cleaned before each use by the
The filter funnel is calibrated to indicate volume.
following method:
5.4 Vacuum Flask, 250-mL, with rubber stopper.
8.1.1 Thoroughly wash in a solution of detergent and hot
5.5 Filtered Liquid Dispensers (2)—Washing bottles or
water.
otherdispenserscapableofdeliveringliquidthrougha0.45-µm
8.1.2 Rinse with hot tap water and finally with distilled or
in-line membrane filter.
deionized water.
5.6 Air Ionizer, alpha emitter, 18.5 MBq, of polonium-210,
8.1.3 Rinse twice with filtered isopropyl alcohol (delivered
with a useful life of 1.5 years to a final value of 1.1 MBq.
through a filtered liquid dispenser).
5.7 Membrane Filters (2), 25 mm or 47 to 51 mm in
8.1.4 Rinse twice with filtered commercial hexane (deliv-
diameter, with pore diameter as required.
ered through filtered liquid dispenser).
5.8 Microscope, capable of 353 magnification.
8.1.5 Leave approximately 1 mL of commercial hexane in
5.9 Vacuum Source, capable of pulling 550 mm Hg. An
the bottom of each sample bottle. Replace sample bottle cap
electrically driven vacuum pump must be explosion-proof.
(Warning—Flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Skin irritant on
5.10 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of
repeated contact. Eye irritant. Aspiration hazard.).
80°C.
9. Procedure
5.11 Sample Bottles, with contamination-proof caps.
Aluminum-foil wrapped stoppers or polyethylene liners be-
9.1 Select two membrane filters of the pore diameter re-
tween cap and bottle have proved satisfactory.
quired. Allow the filters to stabilize to equilibrium with
5.12 Graduated Cylinder, 100-mL (May be replaced by
ambient room conditions. Record room temperature and rela-
volume-calibrated filter funnel.)
tive humidity.
5.13 Petri Dishes, covered glass, 150 mm in diameter.
9.2 Take precautions to minimize apparatus contamination
5.14 Forceps, with unserrated tips.
from airborne dust. Use a protective hood or cover.
5.15 Calibration Weights, for microbalance, 10 mg and 20
NOTE 2—One of the filters mentioned in 9.1 is for a blank determina-
mg,accurateto0.005mgandmadefromnonmagneticmaterial
tion, which is necessary to provide
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