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ASTM D4496-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials

Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the measurement of electrical resistance or conductance of materials that are generally categorized as moderately conductive and are neither good electrical insulators nor good conductors.
1.2 Test measurements of electrical resistance (or conductance) and specimen geometry data are used to compute an electrical resistivity for the material.
1.3 This test method applies to all materials that exhibit volume resistivity in the range of 1 to 107 -cm or surface resistivity in the range of 103 to 107 (per square).
1.4 This test method is designed for measurements at standard conditions of 23C and 50 % relative humidity, but its principles of operation can be applied to specimens measured at lower or higher temperatures and relative humidities.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2004
ICS
29.050 - Superconductivity and conducting materials
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.12 - Electrical Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4496-87(1998)e1 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D4496-04e1 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials (Withdrawn 2013)
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D257-14(2021)e1 - Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3004-08(2020) - Standard Specification for Crosslinked and Thermoplastic Extruded Semi-Conducting, Conductor, and Insulation Shielding Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4325-20 - Standard Test Methods for Nonmetallic Semi-Conducting and Electrically Insulating Rubber Tapes
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8231-19 - Standard Practice for the Use of a Low Voltage Electronic Scanning System for Detecting and Locating Breaches in Roofing and Waterproofing Membranes
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1711-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6095-12(2023) - Standard Test Method for Longitudinal Measurement of Volume Resistivity for Extruded Crosslinked and Thermoplastic Semiconducting Conductor and Insulation Shielding Materials
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM F3510-21 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Fiber-Based Constructs for Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004

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ASTM D4496-04 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive MaterialsASTM D4496-04 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials
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ASTM D4496-04 - Standard Test Method for D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive Materials
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4496–04
Standard Test Method for
D-C Resistance or Conductance of Moderately Conductive
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Ma-
terials for Testing
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mea-
surement of electrical resistance or conductance of materials
3. Terminology
thataregenerallycategorizedasmoderatelyconductiveandare
3.1 Definitions:
neither good electrical insulators nor good conductors.
3.1.1 moderately conductive—a solid material having vol-
1.2 Test measurements of electrical resistance (or conduc-
7
ume resistivity between 1 and 10 V·cm.
tance) and specimen geometry data are used to compute an
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this standard,
electrical resistivity for the material.
refer to Terminology D1711.
1.3 This test method applies to all materials that exhibit
7
3.2 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:
volume resistivity in the range of 1 to 10 V-cm or surface
3 7
3.2.1 steady state—for the purpose of this test method,
resistivity in the range of 10 to 10 V (per square).
steady-state is attained if any rate of change in the observed
1.4 This test method is designed for measurements at
resistance (or conductance) averages less than 0.25%/s.
standardconditionsof23°Cand50%relativehumidity,butits
principles of operation can be applied to specimens measured
4. Summary of Test Method
at lower or higher temperatures and relative humidities.
4.1 Specimens of material are conditioned in prescribed
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
environmentsandsubjectedtodirect-voltagestress.Resistance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
or conductance is measured and used with the dimensional
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
aspectsofthespecimentocomputearesistivityofthematerial.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
The apparatus and techniques used in this test method are in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
accordance with the general principles set forth in Test Meth-
tionary statements are given in 8.3.
ods D257.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 This test method is useful for the comparison of mate-
D257 Test Methods for D-C Resistance or Conductance of
rials,asaqualitycontroltest,andmaybeusedforspecification
Insulating Materials
purposes.
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
5.2 This test method is useful in the selection and use of
lation
materials in wires, cables, bushings, high-voltage rotating
D991 Test Method for Rubber PropertyVolume Resistivity
machinery, and other electrical apparatus in which shielding or
of Electrically Conductive and Antistatic Products
the distribution of voltage stress may be of value.
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
5.3 Commercially available “moderately conductive” mate-
rials frequently are comprised of both conductive and resistive
components (that is, cellulose fibers with colloidal carbon
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
black particles attached to portions of the surfaces of those
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
fibers, or discrete conductive particles adhered to the surfaces
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
ofelectricalinsulatingpolymers).Suchcommerciallyavailable
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
e1
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4496 – 87(1998) .
materialsareoftenmanufacturedinamannerthatmayresultin
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
anisotropy with respect to electrical conduction. Hence, the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
significance of tests using this test method may depend upon
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. the orientation of the specimen tested to the electric field and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4496–04
2
FIG. 1 Cell For Volume Resistivity 1-in. Electrode (Mercury)
the relationship between this orientation and the orientation of 6.3 Test cells, that have been found to be sa
...

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1.1 This specification2 establishes the requirements for copper conductor bar, rod, and shapes for electrical (bus) applications and rod, bar, and shapes for general applications.  
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Note 1: Material for hot forging will be found in Specification B124/B124M.  
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This specification covers the requirements for rod drawing stock produced from electrolytic tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppers and is suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors. The rod shall be fabricated from copper of such quality and purity. Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and that will conform to the requirements prescribed in this specification may also be used. The specimen shall have the following chemical composition: tellurium, selenium, bismuth, antimony, arsenic, tin, lead, iron, nickel, sulfur, silver, oxygen, cadmium, phosphorus, zinc, and manganese. Embrittlement test shall be performed on the specimen to reflect propensity towards hydrogen embrittlement and shall be performed only on oxygen-free copper. The rod shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a nature that do not interfere with the intended application are acceptable.
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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for rod in diameters from 1/4 in. to 13/8 in. (6.4 mm to 35 mm) produced from high conductivity coppers listed in Table 1, namely, electrolytic tough-pitch, oxygen-free, or fire-refined high conductivity coppers, and are suitable for further fabrication into electrical conductors.  
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