ASTM A370-07b
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Ductile vs. Brittle Behavior—Body-centered-cubic or ferritic alloys exhibit a significant transition in behavior when impact tested over a range of temperatures. At temperatures above transition, impact specimens fracture by a ductile (usually microvoid coalescence) mechanism, absorbing relatively large amounts of energy. At lower temperatures, they fracture in a brittle (usually cleavage) manner absorbing less energy. Within the transition range, the fracture will generally be a mixture of areas of ductile fracture and brittle fracture.
The temperature range of the transition from one type of behavior to the other varies according to the material being tested. This transition behavior may be defined in various ways for specification purposes.
The specification may require a minimum test result for absorbed energy, fracture appearance, lateral expansion, or a combination thereof, at a specified test temperature.
The specification may require the determination of the transition temperature at which either the absorbed energy or fracture appearance attains a specified level when testing is performed over a range of temperatures.
Further information on the significance of impact testing appears in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of wrought and cast steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections Tension 5 to 13 Bend14 Hardness15 Brinell16 Rockwell17 Portable18 Impact19 to 28 Keywords29
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex Bar ProductsA1.1 Tubular ProductsAnnex A2 FastenersAnnex A3 Round Wire ProductsAnnex A4 Significance of Notched-Bar Impact TestingAnnex A5 Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat SpecimensAnnex A6 Testing Multi-Wire StrandAnnex A7 Rounding of Test DataAnnex A8 Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing BarsAnnex A9 Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle SimulationAnnex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in. may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable.
1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 and E 1595 when there may be a need for information on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A 370 – 07b
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for
1
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The
2
elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions
in. may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm,
for the mechanical testing of wrought and cast steels, stainless
respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is
steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein
referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield
described are used to determine properties required in the
and tensile values may be determined in SI units then con-
product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be
verted into inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI
avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to
unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in
obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in
inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as
which the testing requirements for certain products are unique
applicable.
or at variance with these general procedures, the product
1.6 Attention is directed to ISO/IEC 17025 and E 1595
specification testing requirements shall control.
when there may be a need for information on criteria for
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
evaluation of testing laboratories.
Sections
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Tension 5 to 13
Bend 14
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Hardness 15
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Brinell 16
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Rockwell 17
Portable 18
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Impact 19 to 28
Keywords 29
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
are appended to these test methods as follows:
A 703/A 703M Specification for Steel Castings, General
Annex
Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Bar Products A1.1
A 781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
Tubular Products Annex A2
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
Fasteners Annex A3
Round Wire Products Annex A4
A 833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Mate-
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5
rials by Comparison Hardness Testers
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Annex A6
Equivalents for Flat Specimens E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
Rounding of Test Data Annex A8
ing
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10 E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
rials [Metric]
as the standard.
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product
als
specification,theyieldandtensilevaluesmaybedeterminedin
1
These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM
Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and
Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 370 – 07a. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-370 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 370 – 07b
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic specimenisatrightanglestothedirectionofgreatestextension
Materia
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A370–07a Designation: A 370 – 07b
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for
1
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of wrought and cast steels, stainless steels,
and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product
specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain
reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance
with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections
Tension 5to13
Bend 14
Hardness 15
Brinell 16
Rockwell 17
Portable 18
Impact 19 to 28
Keywords 29
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex
Bar Products A1.1
Tubular Products Annex A2
Fasteners Annex A3
Round Wire Products Annex A4
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Annex A6
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7
Rounding of Test Data Annex A8
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in
inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in.
may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is
referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into
inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge
lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable.
1.6 Attention is directed to Practices A880 and E1595ISO/IEC 17025 and E 1595 when there may be a need for information
on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved JuneNov. 1, 2007. Published June 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 370 – 07a.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-370 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 370 – 07b
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 703/A 703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A 781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A 833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers A880Practice for Criteria for
Use in Evaluation of Test-
ing Laboratories and Orga-
nizations for Examination
and Inspection of Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Re-
lated Alloys
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Me
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A370–07a Designation: A 370 – 07b
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for
1
Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 370; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 These test methods cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of wrought and cast steels, stainless steels,
and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product
specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain
reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance
with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:
Sections
Tension 5to13
Bend 14
Hardness 15
Brinell 16
Rockwell 17
Portable 18
Impact 19 to 28
Keywords 29
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:
Annex
Bar Products A1.1
Tubular Products Annex A2
Fasteners Annex A3
Round Wire Products Annex A4
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing Annex A5
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to Annex A6
Equivalents for Flat Specimens
Testing Multi-Wire Strand Annex A7
Rounding of Test Data Annex A8
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars Annex A9
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-Cycle Simulation Annex A10
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 When this document is referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in
inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 or 8 in.
may be reported in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm, respectively, as applicable. Conversely, when this document is
referenced in an inch-pound product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in SI units then converted into
inch-pound units. The elongation determined in SI unit gauge lengths of 50 or 200 mm may be reported in inch-pound gauge
lengths of 2 or 8 in., respectively, as applicable.
1.6 Attention is directed to Practices A880 and E1595ISO/IEC 17025 and E 1595 when there may be a need for information
on criteria for evaluation of testing laboratories.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods and definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved JuneNov. 1, 2007. Published June 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 370 – 07a.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-370 in Section II of that Code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 370 – 07b
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 703/A 703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A 781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A 833 Practice for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers A880Practice for Criteria for
Use in Evaluation of Test-
ing Laboratories and Orga-
nizations for Examination
and Inspection of Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Re-
lated Alloys
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metal
...
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