ASTM D2422-97(2007)
(Classification)Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
ABSTRACT
This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc. This classification is used to eliminate unjustified intermediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of viscosity grades used in the lubrication of industrial equipment. The lubricants shall be classified according to viscosity grades: ISO VG 2; ISO VG 3; ISO VG 5; ISO VG 7; ISO VG 10; ISO VG 15; ISO VG 22; ISO VG 32; ISO VG 46; ISO VG 68; ISO VG 100; ISO VG 150; ISO VG 220; ISO VG 320; ISO VG 460; ISO VG 680; ISO VG 1000; ISO VG 1500; ISO VG 2200; and ISO VG 3200.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This classification establishes a series of definite viscosity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and equipment designers will have a uniform and common basis for designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity of industrial fluid lubricants.
This classification is used to eliminate unjustified intermediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of viscosity grades used in the lubrication of industrial equipment.
This system provides a suitable number of viscosity grades, a uniform reference temperature, a uniform viscosity tolerance, and a nomenclature system for identifying the viscosity characteristics of each grade.
This system implies no evaluation of lubricant quality and applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity at the reference temperature. It does not apply to those lubricants used primarily with automotive equipment and identified with an SAE number.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from 2 to 3200 cSt (mm2/s) as measured at a reference temperature of 40°C. In the category of petroleum-base fluids, this covers the range from kerosine to heavy cylinder oils.
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.2 are, at present, seldom used as industrial lubricants. Should industrial practices change, then this system, based on a mathematical series of numbers, may be extended to retain its orderly progression.
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Designation:D2422 −97(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Classification of
Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope equipmentdesignerswillhaveauniformandcommonbasisfor
designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity of industrial
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base
fluid lubricants.
fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which
may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired 3.2 This classification is used to eliminate unjustified inter-
viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor mediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of
cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc. viscositygradesusedinthelubricationofindustrialequipment.
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in 3.3 This system provides a suitable number of viscosity
kinematic viscosity from 2 to 3200 cSt (mm /s) as measured at grades, a uniform reference temperature, a uniform viscosity
a reference temperature of 40°C. In the category of petroleum- tolerance, and a nomenclature system for identifying the
base fluids, this covers the range from kerosine to heavy viscosity characteristics of each grade.
cylinder oils.
3.4 This system implies no evaluation of lubricant quality
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range and applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity at
described in 1.2 are, at present, seldom used as industrial the reference temperature. It does not apply to those lubricants
lubricants.Shouldindustrialpracticeschange,thenthissystem, used primarily with automotive equipment and identified with
basedonamathematicalseriesofnumbers,maybeextendedto an SAE number.
retain its orderly progression.
4. Basis of Classification
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Twenty viscosity grades are given in Table 1.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Each grade shall be designated by its nominal viscosity
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid
at 40°C.
Petroleum Products
4.3 Thepermissiblevarianceinviscosityofeachgradeshall
2.2 SAE Standard:
be as shown in the two right-hand columns of Table 1. These
J 300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
limits are based upon a 610 % deviation from the mathemati-
2.3 ISO Standard:
cal values which were used as the basis of construction of this
ISO 3448 Industrial Liquid Lubricants—ISOViscosity Clas-
system.
sification
4.4 The lubricant supplier may choose to exert a manufac-
turing control on a given product that is closer than this 610 %
3. Significance and Use
tolerance. It is to be understood that any different percentage
3.1 This classification establishes a series of definite viscos-
variation that he uses will still guarantee maximum and
ity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and
minimum values that are not outside the limits of the standard
viscosity grade limits. However, the lubricant purchaser or the
equipment designer shall not normally specify control closer
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
than the maximum and minimums established herein for a
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
givengrade.Anyexceptiontothisruleshallbehandledoutside
D02.L0.11 on Tribiological Properties of Industrial Fluids and Lubricants.
the scope of this system and on a direct consumer-supplier
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2422 – 97 (2002).
relationship.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5. Adoption of System
Standards volume information, refer to
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