ASTM D4-86(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bitumen Content
Standard Test Method for Bitumen Content
ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of bitumen content in materials containing at least 25 % bitumen. The sample shall be representative, and if it contains more than 2 % of water it shall be dehydrated. The procedures for the determination of bitumen content in materials are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bitumen content in materials containing at least 25 % bitumen. Bitumen content may usually be expeditiously and accurately determined by Procedure No. 1, Section 7. However, some bituminous materials containing finely divided mineral matter may clog the filter or the mineral residue may not be easily retained, in which cases Procedure No. 2, Section 8, shall be followed.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability and regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see Section 4.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4 − 86 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Bitumen Content
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
Although this test method was withdrawn by the Society in June 1966 at the request of Committee D04, the Committee on
Standards has approved its reinstatement under the jurisdiction of Committee D08 on the basis that Procedure No. 2 still applies to
their interest. Procedure No. 1 has been replaced by Method D 2042, Test for Solubility of Asphalt Materials in Trichloroethylene.
1. Scope 3.2 Celite Analytical Filter Aid (CAFA), dried to constant
mass at 105°C and stored in a tightly stoppered container.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bitumen
content in materials containing at least 25 % bitumen. Bitumen
NOTE 2—Use Celite 211 or Celite 505.
content may usually be expeditiously and accurately deter-
3.3 Beakers—One 30-mLbeaker, Griffin low-form, and one
mined by Procedure No. 1, Section 7. However, some bitumi-
150-mL beaker, Griffin low-form.
nous materials containing finely divided mineral matter may
3.4 Carbon Disulfide, cp.
clogthefilterorthemineralresiduemaynotbeeasilyretained,
in which cases Procedure No. 2, Section 8, shall be followed.
NOTE 3—For filled asphaltic materials, trichloroethylene may be
directly substituted for carbon disulfide if desired. However, carbon
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
disulfide shall be used in referee testing.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.5 Filtering Flask, with crucible adapter.
standard.
3.6 Drying Oven.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.7 Bunsen Burner or Muffle Furnace.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.8 Suction Pump.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.9 Analytical Balance.
bility and regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
precautionary information, see Section 4.
3.10 Desiccator.
3.11 Evaporating Dish.
2. Referenced Documents
3.12 Watch Glasses.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D370 Practice for Dehydration of Oil-Type Preservatives
4. Safety Precautions
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
4.1 Carbondisulfideisextremelyflammable.Thevaporwill
oftenignitespontaneouslyoncontactwithahotsurfacesuchas
3. Apparatus, Reagents, and Materials
a hot plate, oven, or radiator. When using this solvent, be sure
3.1 Filtering Crucible, porcelain, high-form, 25- to 40-mL
that the filtration is conducted under a hood and well away
capacity, with fine-porosity bottom, 7-µm maximum porosity.
fromflameorothersourcesofheat.Beforeplacingcruciblesor
other containers in the oven, all traces of carbon disulfide
NOTE 1—Selas grade 01, size FC 30 or FC 40, or equivalent.Available
should be removed (as indicated by the disappearance of all
from various laboratory supply houses.
odor). Otherwise, the vapors will ignite. Carbon disulfide is
also very irritating to the skin and direct contact should be
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
avoided.
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 on
Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up
Roofing.
5. Preparation of Sample
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
5.1 The sample shall be representative, and if it contains
approved in 1911. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4 – 86 (2004). DOI:
10.1520/D0004-86R10.
more than 2 % of water it shall be dehydrated in accordance
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
with Test Method D370. If the material is hard and brittle, it
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
may be ground and dried at a temperature below the tempera-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ture of volatilization of the material.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4 − 86 (2010)
D04 on Road and Paving Materials.
6. Crucible Preparation
7.6 If there is any question involving the amount of mineral
6.1 If the crucible, after thorough cleaning (see 6.2), has
matterthatmayhavepassedthroughthefilter,acorrectionmay
been used for less than six determinations, clean it as follows:
be determined as described in 8.5.
Remove the CAFA mat completely, wash the crucible with
distilled water, dry, and ignite in a muffle furnace for1hat
8. Procedure No. 2
about 800°C. Cool the crucible slowly by placing it in a drying
8.1 Weigh approximately2gofthe sample into a tared
ovenfor1hafterremovalfromthefurnacetopreventcracking
and place it in a desiccator while still warm. 50-mL beaker. Add to the beaker about 0.5 g, weighed to the
nearest 0.001 g, of freshly dried CAFA. Cover with about 25
6.2 After the crucible has been used for six determinations,
mLof carbon disulfide and stir the filter aid into the liquid. Let
remove any residual ash from pores in the filtering area by
stand, covered with a watch glass, at least 1 h, stirring
boiling in 1 + 1 hydrochloric acid. Then boil the crucible in
occasionally in order to dissolve the sample completely.
distilled water, thoroughly back wash with distilled water, dry,
8.2 Transfer 0.45 to 0.55 g of dry CAFA to a clean, dry,
and ignite as in 6.1.
filtering crucible. Distribute the Celite evenly over the bottom.
ImmediatelyweighandrecordthemassofcrucibleplusCelite.
7. Procedure No. 1
8.3 Immediately before starting the filtering process, stir the
7.1 Weigh approximately2gofthe sample (size sample to
filter aid into the liquid.Wet the CAFAmat in the crucible with
obtain 0.1 to 0.3 g of insoluble matter) into a tared 150-mL
carbon disulfide. Pour the solution from the beaker onto the
beaker and add 100 mL of carbon disulfide to the beaker in
pad, filling the crucible to the top. Apply light suction and, as
small portions, with continuous agitation, until all lumps
the liquid filters through, pour the remaining contents of the
disappear and nothing adheres to the beaker. Cover the beaker
50-mL beaker into the crucible. Wash the beaker with a small
with a watch glass and set it aside for 15 min.
amount of carbon disulfide and transfer all sediment from the
7.2 Transfer 0.45 to 0.55 g of dry CAFA to a clean, dry,
beaker to the mat. Do not allow the CAFAmat to dry out until
filtering crucible. Distribute the Celite evenly over the bottom.
filtration is complete. Wash with carbon disulfide until the
Immediately weigh and record the weight of crucible plus
filtrate is substantially colorless, then apply strong suction to
Celite.
remove the remaining carbon disulfide. Remove the crucible
7.3 Decant the carbon d
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