ASTM D7482-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling, Storage, and Handling of Hydrocarbons for Mercury Analysis
Standard Practice for Sampling, Storage, and Handling of Hydrocarbons for Mercury Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for use in sampling liquid hydrocarbons including crude oils, condensates, refinery process intermediates, and refined products. Generally these samples are expected to contain mercury from the parts per billion (10-9 mass) to parts per million (10-6 mass) range.
This practice is not intended for use when sampling aqueous systems where the concentrations of mercury are often in the parts per trillion (10-12 mass) range. These samples are often better addressed by using the rigorously clean techniques from the EPA Method 1669 “clean hands, dirty hands” sampling procedures.
This practice is not intended for use for liquefied samples, for which special containers may be required for pressurized samples.
The presence of mercury during crude oil production, transport, and refining can be an environmental and industrial hygiene concern.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the types of and preparation of containers found most suitable for the handling of hydrocarbon samples for the determination of total mercury.
1.2 This practice was developed for sampling streams where the mercury speciation is predominantly Hg(0) present as a mixture of dissolved Hg(0) atoms, adsorbed Hg(0) on particulates (for example, carbonaceous or mineral fines and Fe2O3) and suspended droplets of metallic mercury.
1.3 The presence of suspended droplets of metallic mercury (often called “colloidal” mercury, since the droplet size can be very small) can make obtaining a representative sample very difficult for a variety of reasons (for example, non-isokinetic sampling of the liquid can result in over- or under-collection of suspended droplets and collection of mercury that has accumulated in dense larger drops and pools on the bottom of piping and in sample taps). Pay strict attention to the detailed procedure (Section 7) to ensure representative samples are collected.
1.4 When representative test portions are collected and analyzed in accordance with acceptable procedures, the total mercury is representative of concentrations in the sample.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D7482 − 08
StandardPractice for
Sampling, Storage, and Handling of Hydrocarbons for
Mercury Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7482; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers the types of and preparation of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
containers found most suitable for the handling of hydrocarbon
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
samples for the determination of total mercury.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Thispracticewasdevelopedforsamplingstreamswhere
the mercury speciation is predominantly Hg(0) present as a
2. Referenced Documents
mixture of dissolved Hg(0) atoms, adsorbed Hg(0) on particu-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lates (for example, carbonaceous or mineral fines and Fe O )
2 3
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
and suspended droplets of metallic mercury.
Products, and Lubricants
1.3 The presence of suspended droplets of metallic mercury
2.2 EPA Standard:
(often called “colloidal” mercury, since the droplet size can be
EPA Method 1669 Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Met-
very small) can make obtaining a representative sample very
als at EPA Water Quality Criteria Levels; July 1996; US
difficult for a variety of reasons (for example, non-isokinetic
Environmental Protection Agency
sampling of the liquid can result in over- or under-collection of
suspended droplets and collection of mercury that has accu-
3. Terminology
mulated in dense larger drops and pools on the bottom of
piping and in sample taps). Pay strict attention to the detailed
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
procedure (Section 7) to ensure representative samples are standard, refer to Terminology D4175.
collected.
3.2 Abbreviations:
1.4 When representative test portions are collected and
3.2.1 VOA—Volatile Organic Analysis
analyzed in accordance with acceptable procedures, the total
mercury is representative of concentrations in the sample.
4. Summary of Practice
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 This practice describes the sampling, storage, transport,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and handling of hydrocarbon samples used for determining
standard.
mercury, and the precautions that need to be taken to prevent
sample contamination and loss of analyte.
1.6 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
5. Significance and Use
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
5.1 This practice is intended for use in sampling liquid
materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and
hydrocarbons including crude oils, condensates, refinery pro-
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
cess intermediates, and refined products. Generally these
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
samples are expected to contain mercury from the parts per
-9 -6
(http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-
billion (10 mass) to parts per million (10 mass) range.
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-
containingproducts,orboth,inyourstatemaybeprohibitedby
state law.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.03 on the ASTM website.
Elemental Analysis. Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. DOI: Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460 (www.epa.gov).
10.1520/D7482-08.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7482 − 08
5.2 This practice is not intended for use when sampling 7.5 Sampling shall be done directly into the VOA vials if
aqueoussystemswheretheconcentrationsofmercuryareoften possible. If it is necessary to sample into one container and
-12
in the parts per trillion (10 mass) range. These samples are then transfer into the VOA vial, record the details of the
often better addressed by using the rigorously clean techniques original container and sampling method, as well as the details
from the EPA Method 1669 “clean hands, dirty hands” sam- of the transfer.Auto-samplers are acceptable, but the container
pling procedures. and plumbing materials and transfer details shall be docu-
mented in the notebook or Chain of Custody (COC) form.
5.3 This practice is not intended for use for liquefied
samples, for which special containers may be required for 7.6 Purge sample taps sufficiently immediately prior to
pressurized samples. sampling to remove any elemental mercury droplets that have
accumulated in the piping, valve, or crevices. In some cases,
5.4 The presence of mercury during crude oil production,
significant amounts of elemental mercury have been found to
transport, and refining can be an environmental and industrial
accumulate in sample taps. Proper collection or recycling of
hygiene concern.
the purge is important to prevent release of mercury and
worker exposure.
6. Apparatus
7.7 It is imperative that persons conducting or supervising
6.1 Clear or Amber Borosilicate Glass, 40-mL or less in
the sampling procedure understand the conditions that cause
volume; pre-cleaned by acid-washing; with PTFE
evaporative or other loss of mercury. While bulk mercury
(polytetrafluoroethylene)-lined septum caps. These are com-
droplets are not highly volatile (vapor pressure <1 mmHg at
monly referred to as VOA vials and are used for many water
20°C) in many hydrocarbons, the dissolved mercury readily
samples using EPA methods.
evaporateswithanapparentvaporpressuresimilartobutaneor
6.1.1 The use of 30-mL or smaller VOA vials may allow
pentane. Also, mercury can readily adsorb on many metal
shipment of multiple sample vials as “excepted quantities”
surfaces. Sample taps shall not contain process-contact mate-
under IATA (International Air Transport Association) regula-
rials composed of copper, zinc, tin, aluminum, brass, bronze,
tions. Determine specific shipping requirements with the ap-
Monel or other alloys containing these metals.
propriate knowledgeable personnel.
7.8 To avoid loss of mercury vapor from the samples,
6.2 Alternate Containers—Quartz. Epoxy-lined, tin-lined,
proceed as follows:
or steel cans for direct or sub-sample may not be acceptable
7.8.1 Fillthevialasquicklyaspossible,fillingthevialwith,
because, in some cases, these types of containers show a
at most, 1-mL remaining.
significant depletion of mercury (see 9.1 and 9.2).
7.8.2 Cap the vials immediately to minimize time of expo-
6.2.1 Tin-lined steel cans, direct or sub-sample, are not
sure to the open atmosphere.
acceptable.
7.8.3 In some cases, recapping the vial under a slow stream
6.3 Chain of Custody Forms.
of nitrogen back in a laboratory hood has been valuable in
6.4 Permanent Marking Pens. preventing oxidation of elemental mercury during shipping.
7.9 COC Form—The COC form will accompany samples
6.5 Resealable Bags—Clear, plastic, 1-L capacity.
delivered to the laboratory. Record sample containers and
plumbing materials information (especially for auto-samplers)
7. Sampling Procedure
in the permanent record or on the COC form. Note sampling
7.1 Employ the normal hydrocarbon sampling procedures
details in the permanent record (notebook) and on the COC
necessary to obtain discrete and homogeneous samples. Either
form, or both.At a minimum, record the following sample data
grab samples or composites from auto-samplers are allowed.
on a permanent record and on the COC form, or both:
Grab samples are preferred. When expecting particulates with
7.9.1 Description of the sample point (sample point number,
adsorbed mercury or mercury droplets, iso-kinetic sampling is
process stream name, physical location, stream temperature
greatly preferred.
and pre
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