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ASTM E2202-02(2009)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards

Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This standard defines measurement procedures for estimating the risk of noise-induced hearing loss among users of noise producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, and mobile, transportable, and stationary equipment. The primary approach is to separately measure the sound level at operator ear locations for each normal operating condition. These levels can be combined with operational use scenarios and exposure criteria to define noise exposure severity. The data can also be used to define hearing protection requirements or administrative controls to preclude hearing hazard.
The practice has the following limitations:
The practice uses field portable measurement equipment.
The practice produces data which may be compared with applicable criteria or limits if the limits are in terms of the quantities measured in this standard or which can be calculated from the measured data.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard defines noise measurement procedures for estimating the risk of hearing loss among users of noise producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, and other mobile, transportable, or stationary equipment.
1.2 This standard does not recommend noise exposure limit levels or criteria for any application discussed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2002
ICS
17.140.01 - Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in general
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.08 - Mechanical and Electrical System Noise
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2202-02 - Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002
Replaced By
ASTM E2202-02(2016) - Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards
Effective Date
01-Oct-2016
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

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ASTM E2202-02(2009) - Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health HazardsASTM E2202-02(2009) - Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards
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ASTM E2202-02(2009) - Standard Practice for Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for Assessment of Health Hazards
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2202 − 02(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Measurement of Equipment-Generated Continuous Noise for
Assessment of Health Hazards
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2202; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 The terms specific to nonmandatory Appendix X1 are in
X1.2.
1.1 This standard defines noise measurement procedures for
estimating the risk of hearing loss among users of noise
4. Summary of Practice
producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles,
4.1 For most equipment generating steady noise, the
aircraft, watercraft, and other mobile, transportable, or station-
A-weighted and octave band levels are measured at locations
ary equipment.
normally occupied by personnel. The hazard contours around
1.2 This standard does not recommend noise exposure limit
the equipment are also determined in terms of A-weighted
levels or criteria for any application discussed.
sound levels in decibels. In some cases, duty cycle testing is
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
used to determine time-weighted average sound levels.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 The operating conditions for specific equipment types
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
are in sections as follows:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2.1 Ground vehicles in 8.2 and 9.2.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.2 Construction and material handling equipment in 9.3.
4.2.3 Watercraft in 9.4.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2.4 Stationary equipment in 9.5.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2.5 Helicopters in 9.6.
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
5. Significance and Use
Acoustics
5.1 This standard defines measurement procedures for esti-
2.2 ANSI Standards:
mating the risk of noise-induced hearing loss among users of
ANSI S 1.1 Acoustical Terminology
noise producing equipment. It is applicable to ground vehicles,
ANSI S 1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters
aircraft, watercraft, and mobile, transportable, and stationary
ANSI S 1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-
equipment. The primary approach is to separately measure the
Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters
sound level at operator ear locations for each normal operating
ANSI S1.25 Specification for Personal Noise Dosimeters
condition. These levels can be combined with operational use
ANSI S 1.40 Specification for Acoustical Calibrators
scenarios and exposure criteria to define noise exposure
severity. The data can also be used to define hearing protection
3. Terminology
requirements or administrative controls to preclude hearing
3.1 Except as noted in Appendix X1, the terms and symbols
hazard.
used in this practice are defined in Terminology C634.
5.2 The practice has the following limitations:
5.2.1 The practice uses field portable measurement equip-
ment.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building
5.2.2 The practice produces data which may be compared
and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E33.08 on Mechanical and Electrical System Noise. with applicable criteria or limits if the limits are in terms of the
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally
quantities measured in this standard or which can be calculated
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E2202 – 02. DOI:
from the measured data.
10.1520/E2202-02R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6. Instrumentation
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.1 Requirements:
the ASTM website.
6.1.1 Sound level meters and microphones shall conform to
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. requirements for type 1, as specified by ANSI S1.4.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2202 − 02 (2009)
6.1.2 Band filter sets shall meet the requirements for Order tative number of passenger stations. Whenever possible, mea-
3, Type 3-D, Extended Range, as specified by ANSI S1.11. surements should be made with the crew member or passenger
6.1.3 Acoustic calibrators shall meet ANSI S1.40. absent. The measurement shall be at the elevation of the center
6.1.4 Noise dosimeters shall meet ANSI S1.25. of the head (80 cm above the seat reference point or, if
standing, at 160 cm above the floor). If practical during each
6.2 Calibration:
measurement, the microphone shall be rotated in a 15 to 30 cm
6.2.1 All noise measurement instrumentation shall have
diameter horizontal circle with the microphone sensing ele-
undergone a complete electro-acoustical calibration in accor-
ment facing up.
dance with manufacturer’s instruction no more than 1 year
prior to the noise measurement.
8.4 Noise Contours—Where the steady-state sound level
6.2.2 The noise measurement instrumentation, including around stationary equipment is 85 dB(A) or greater, the
microphones and filter sets, shall undergo an end to end distances and directions from the noise source at which the
calibration check with an acoustical calibrator prior to the start sound level equals 85 dB(A) shall be determined. The 85
of the measurement, and after completion, on the day of the dB(A) contours shall also be determined for mobile equipment
measurement. If the sensitivity after the measurements differs which could, at times, be stationary. The 85 dB(A) contour
from the sensitivity before the measurement by more than 0.5 shall be determined from measurements made around the noise
dB, the data shall be discarded.
source at angular increments not greater than 45 degrees, and
also at the noisiest angle.
7. Test Environment
NOTE 1—The 85 dB(A) contour is the most commonly used. Certain
jurisdictions use other values such as 84 dB(A) or 90 dB(A). For
7.1 Test Site—Equipment shall be tested in its exact operat-
equipment capable of generating very high noise levels additional
ing location if the location is known and such testing is
contours may be specified such as a 103 dB(A) contour within which
feasible. When this is not possible, the test site shall be a
double hearing protection may be required by certain jurisdictions. For
uniform flat paved surface or hemi-anechoic chamber. It shall
these cases, the appropriate contour level shall be measured.
be free of reflecting surfaces such as buildings, trees, or
hillsides within 30 m. A grass surface, free of ice, snow, or 9. Equipment Configuration and Operating Conditions
vegetation over 15 cm tall may be substituted if the equipment
9.1 General—Systems shall be operated as required to
is not normally operated on a paved surface.
accomplish their intended missions or functions.The operating
7.2 Background Noise—When practical, background noise,
conditions listed are preferred but other conditions may be
including wind noise, shall be at least 10 dB below that of the added if they are judged to result in more accurate noise
equipment noise being measured; however, background noise
exposure estimates.
shall always be at least 10 dB below the criteria.Awindscreen
9.2 Ground Vehicles:
shall be used at wind velocities of 10 km/h or more. Measure-
9.2.1 Equipment Openings—All windows, vents, and access
ments shall not be made at wind velocities of 20 km/h or more.
openings shall be in the normal operation position. If it is
7.3 Surface and Grade for Vehicle Testing—Vehicles shall
possible to operate with these in either the open or closed
be driven along a dry, smooth, paved, and level road (<1 %
positions, both configurations shall be tested.
grade), free from gravel or other loose material. Vehicles
9.2.2 Vehicle Speed and Gear—The vehicle speed shall be
having nonrubber-padded tracks shall be driven on level,
measured by a calibrated speedometer or other velocity mea-
compact earth. Measurements shall not be made when the road
suring device. Measurements shall be made at either 8 or 16
surface is wet, covered with snow or ice, or during precipita-
km/h increments up to the maximum vehicle speed. If 16 km/h
tion.
increments are selected, measurements shall start at 16 km/h
rather than 8 km/h.
8. Measurement Location and Orientation
9.2.3 Load-Carrying Equipment—All load-carrying equip-
8.1 If possible, measure at the probable head position of the
ment shall be operated at the maximum payload including any
occupant of interest with the occupant absent. If an operator
towed trailers at maximum payload.
must be present to operate the equipment under test, measure
9.2.4 All subsystems and auxiliary equipment normally in
the operator position by placing the microphone 15 cm from
use shall be operating. Where heaters and air conditioners may
themoreexposedear.Ifthereisawallorreflectivesurfaceless
be used at the same time (such as humidity control) both shall
than30cmfromthatear,measuremidwaybetweentheearand
be operated. Where both heaters and air conditioners are
the surface.
present, the one producing the higher sound level shall be
operated.
8.2 For ground equipment or watercraft, sound measure-
ments shall be made at:
9.3 Construction and Materials-Handling Equipment:
8.2.1 Each operator or crew position.
9.3.1 Duty cycle testing may be used. Define a duty cycle
8.2.2 Representative positions where one or more individu-
typical of the anticipated use of the equipment. If more than
als (for example, passengers) will be located, and
one type of duty cycle is applicable, specify the most fre-
8.2.3 Occasionally occupied positions during typical opera-
quently used and the noisiest duty cycles.
tion or maintenance of the item or system.
9.3.2 Duty cycles shall be as short as practical and the noise
8.3 For aircraft sound measurements shall be made at or exposure of sufficient cycles shall be measured for a minimum
near the head positions of all crew stations and at a represen- duration of1hat rated capacity.
E2202 − 02 (2009)
9.3.3 Theequipmentshallbeoperatedatatestsitetypicalof 9.6.4.1 With doors, windows, and vents closed, and
the environment in which the equipment is to be used. acoustical/thermal insulation treatment (hereafter referred to
only as acoustical treatment) intact and in place.
9.3.4 Measure the time-averaged A-weighted sound level
9.6.4.2 Doors and windows open, removable acoustic treat-
L (r) at the operator ear position where r is the applicable
avg
ment in place.
...

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4.3 This guide provides the user with information to (1) make and document the sound level measurements necessary to quantify relatively steady or slowly varying outdoor sound levels over a specific time period and at specific places and (2) make and document the physical observations necessary to qualify the measurements.  
4.4 The user is cautioned that there are many nonacoustical factors that can strongly influence the measurement of outdoor sound levels and that this guide is not intended to supplant the experience and judgment of experts in the field of acoustics. The guide is not applicable when more sophisticated measurement methods or equipment are specified. This guide, depending as it does on simplified manual data acquisition, is necessarily more appropriate for the simpler types of environmental noise situations. As the number of sources and the range of sound levels increase, the more likely experienced specialists with sophisticated instruments are needed.  
4.5 This guide can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement method to collect acoustical data for many common situations. Criteria for evaluating or analyzing the data obtained are beyond the scope of th...
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1.1 This guide covers the measurement of A-weighted sound levels outdoors at specified locations or along particular site boundaries, using a general purpose sound-level meter.  
1.2 Three distinct types of measurement surveys are described:  
1.2.1 Survey around a site boundary,  
1.2.2 Survey at a specified location,  
1.2.3 Survey to find the maximum sound level at a specified distance from a source.  
1.3 The data obtained using this guide are presented in the form of either time-average sound levels (abbreviation TAV and symbol LAT, also known as equivalent sound level or equivalent continuous sound level abbreviated LEQ and with symbol LAeqT ) or A-weighted percentile levels (symbol LX).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1265-04(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Insertion Loss of Pneumatic Exhaust Silencers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method permits the evaluation of both the acoustical and mechanical performance of pneumatic exhaust silencers designed for quieting compressed gas exhausts (usually air). The data can be used by manufacturers to assess or improve their products, or by users to select or specify a silencer. The data acquired using this measurement method allow for performance comparisons of competitive products and aid in the selection of an appropriate device.  
5.2 Flow rate is an important parameter to consider when the application involves machinery or equipment that requires compressed air or other gases to be exhausted rapidly. For example, in an automatic pneumatic press, compressed air must be exhausted rapidly to avoid a premature second cycle. For this reason, flow ratio is reported in addition to acoustical performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of both the acoustical and mechanical performance of pneumatic exhaust silencers designed for quieting compressed gas (usually air) exhausts from orifices connected to pipe sizes up to 3/4 in. NPT. This test method is not applicable for exhausts performing useful work, such as part conveying, ejection, or cleaning. This test method evaluates acoustical performance using A-weighted sound level measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2611-19(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Normal Incidence Determination of Porous Material Acoustical Properties Based on the Transfer Matrix Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several purposes of this test:  
5.1.1 For transmission loss: (a) to characterize the sound insulation characteristics of materials in a less expensive and less time consuming approach than Test Method E90 and ISO 140-3 (“reverberant room methods”),  (b) to allow small samples tested when larger samples are impossible to construct or to transport, (c) to allow a rapid technique that does not require an experienced professional to run.  
5.1.2 For transfer matrix: (a) to determine additional acoustic properties of the material; (b) to allow calculation of acoustic properties of built-up or composite materials by the combination of their individual transfer matrices.  
5.2 There are significant differences between this method and that of the more traditional reverberant room method. Specifically, in this approach the sound impinges on the specimen in a perpendicular direction (“normal incidence”) only, compared to the random incidence of traditional methods. Additionally, revereration room methods specify certain minimum sizes for test specimens which may not be practical for all materials. At present the correlation, if any, between the two methods is not known. Even though this method may not replicate the reverberant room methods for measuring the transmission loss of materials, it can provide comparison data for small specimens, something that cannot be done in the reverberant room method. Normal incidence transmission loss may also be useful in certain situations where the material is placed within a small acoustical cavity close to a sound source, for example, a closely-fitted machine enclosure or portable electronic device.  
5.3 Transmission loss is not only a property of a material, but is also strongly dependent on boundary conditions inherent in the method and details of the way the material is mounted. This must be considered in the interpretation of the results obtained by this test method.  
5.4 The quantities are measured as a functio...
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1.1 This test method covers the use of a tube, four microphones, and a digital frequency analysis system for the measurement of normal incident transmission loss and other important acoustic properties of materials by determination of the acoustic transfer matrix.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1110-06(2019)(Classification)
Standard Classification for Determination of Articulation Class

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each weighting factor given in Table 1 represents the fraction of overall speech intelligence contained within the associated one-third octave frequency band.  
4.2 The weighting factors in Table 1 are obtained by multiplying each individual one-third octave band weighting factor of ANSI S3.5-1969 by 300. Articulation class (AC) values are thus related to but distinctly different from articulation index (AI) values. In particular, the AC considers only the effect of signal attenuation; while the AI considers such additional factors as speech level and spectrum and background sound level and spectrum.
Note 2: The AC is similar to the DAI rating proposed by Warnock6 and has been shown to correlate with AI values derived from ANSI S3.5, except where the AI approaches 1 or 0 (AI values range between 1 and 0 and approach 0 with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility). Articulation class values give the reverse. They usually exceed 100 and increase with increasing privacy and nonintelligibility. Extensive comparison between AC ratings and subjective judgments of open-plan speech privacy has not yet been accomplished.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification provides a single figure rating that can be used for comparing building systems and subsystems for speech privacy purposes. The rating is designed to correlate with transmitted speech intelligence between office spaces.  
1.2 Excluded from the scope of this classification are applications involving female speakers or children,2 languages other than English, and sound spectra other than speech. Thus excluded, for example, would be comparisons of building systems or subsystems for their effectiveness in reducing transmitted noise from machinery, industrial processes, bowling alleys, music rooms, places of entertainment, and the like.  
Note 1: Published work by Pearsons, et al, may eventually permit the restriction on female speakers to be relaxed.3  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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