ASTM D4337-89(2009)

Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are suitable for setting specifications on linear detergent alkylates and for quality control where these alkylates are manufactured or are used in a manufacturing process.
The gas chromatography test is useful in identifying linear detergent alkylates produced by the various manufacturing processes and for determining the applicability of a linear detergent alkylate to a particular end use. Test conditions have been optimized for resolution of the C-9 to C-15 linear detergent alkylates and the presence of higher or lower chain lengths will be readily apparent but may produce erroneous results. The tetralin structures have not been sufficiently identified to allow determination of tetralins, and small unidentified components are reported as tetralins and unidentifieds.
Some linear detergent alkylates use a manufacturing process with an organic chloride as a precursor. This test may be used to ensure that the chloride content of the alkylate is not excessive for a particular end use.
The platinum-cobalt color test is useful in determining that the color of the linear detergent alkylate will not contribute to the color of the end use product.
The refractive index and specific gravity tests are possible aids in the identification of linear detergent alkylates and in evaluating alkylates for gross contaminants.
The water test is suitable for determining that linear detergent alkylates do not contain amounts of water deleterious to further processing.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover chemical and physical tests applicable to linear detergent alkylates, evaluating those properties which characterize linear detergent alkylates with respect to its suitability for desired uses.
Note 1—Linear detergent alkylates comprises linear alkylbenzenes prepared by varying processes of varying linear alkyl chain length. The alkylate is sulfonated for surfactant use, the largest application being in detergent products. Careful control of linear detergent alkylate characteristics is desired; during sulfonation, variations of the sulfonate can occur that may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2009
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
• Drafting Committee: D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4337-89(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM D4337-89(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4337 − 89 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4337; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope EngineCoolantConcentratesandEngineCoolantsByThe
Hydrometer
1.1 These test methods cover chemical and physical tests
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
applicable to linear detergent alkylates, evaluating those prop-
D1209Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
ertieswhichcharacterizelineardetergentalkylateswithrespect
Cobalt Scale)
to its suitability for desired uses.
D1218Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
NOTE 1—Linear detergent alkylates comprises linear alkylbenzenes
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
prepared by varying processes of varying linear alkyl chain length. The
D1364Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl
alkylate is sulfonated for surfactant use, the largest application being in
Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
detergent products. Careful control of linear detergent alkylate character-
istics is desired; during sulfonation, variations of the sulfonate can occur E180Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
that may result in either desirable or undesirable end-use properties.
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
1.2 The test methods appear as follows:
Section
Composition by Gas Chromatography 7–15
3. Significance and Use
Chlorides 16–27
Color 28–30
3.1 Thesetestmethodsaresuitableforsettingspecifications
Refractive Index 31–33
on linear detergent alkylates and for quality control where
Specific Gravity 34–36
these alkylates are manufactured or are used in a manufactur-
Water 37–39
ing process.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 The gas chromatography test is useful in identifying
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
linear detergent alkylates produced by the various manufactur-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ing processes and for determining the applicability of a linear
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety
detergent alkylate to a particular end use. Test conditions have
Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review
been optimized for resolution of the C-9 to C-15 linear
them for hazards prior to usage. See also Note 1 and Section
detergent alkylates and the presence of higher or lower chain
21.
lengths will be readily apparent but may produce erroneous
results. The tetralin structures have not been sufficiently
2. Referenced Documents
identifiedtoallowdeterminationoftetralins,andsmalluniden-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tified components are reported as tetralins and unidentifieds.
D270Methods of Sampling Petroleum and Petroleum Prod-
3
3.3 Some linear detergent alkylates use a manufacturing
ucts (Withdrawn 1984)
process with an organic chloride as a precursor. This test may
D1122Test Method for Density or Relative Density of
beusedtoensurethatthechloridecontentofthealkylateisnot
excessive for a particular end use.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on
3.4 The platinum-cobalt color test is useful in determining
Soaps and Other Detergents and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
thatthecolorofthelineardetergentalkylatewillnotcontribute
D12.12 on Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their
Components. to the color of the end use product.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originally
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4337–89(2003). 3.5 The refractive index and specific gravity tests are
DOI: 10.1520/D4337-89R09.
possible aids in the identification of linear detergent alkylates
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and in evaluating alkylates for gross contaminants.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3.6 The water test is suitable for determining that linear
the ASTM website.
3
detergentalkylatesdonotcontainamountsofwaterdeleterious
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. to further processing.
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D4337 − 89 (2009)
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