ASTM E143-20

Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.  
5.2 The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.  
5.3 Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.  
5.3.1 These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history, and specimen dimension.  
5.3.2 Testing conditions that influence the results include axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.  
5.3.3 Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications.  
1.2 For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)2  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2020
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.04 - Uniaxial Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E143 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
terials
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear
E111Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to
and Chord Modulus
materialsinwhich,andtostressesatwhich,creepisnegligible
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading.
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young’s modulus,
Force Application
and Poisson’s ratio are not determined routinely and are
E2624Practice for Torque Calibration of Testing Machines
generally not specified in materials specifications.
1.2 For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain
3. Terminology
behavior,thevalueoftangentorchordshearmodulusisuseful
3.1 Definitions:
for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding
stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such 3.1.1 Definitions that appear in Terminology E6 apply to
this test method, including accuracy, chord modulus, creep,
determinationsare,however,outsidethescopeofthisstandard.
2
(See for example Ref (1).) eccentricity, Poisson’s ratio, proportional limit, resolution,
shear modulus, shear strain, stress-strain curve, stress-strain
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
diagram, tangent modulus, testing machine, torsional stress,
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis
yield strength, and Young’s modulus.
standard.
−2
3.1.2 shear modulus, G, [FL ],n—the ratio of shear stress
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tocorrespondingshearstrainbelowtheproportionallimit,also
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
called torsional modulus and modulus of rigidity.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Thevalueofshearmoduluscandepend
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
on the direction in which it is measured if the material is not
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
isotropic. Wood, many plastics, and certain metals are mark-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
edlyanisotropic.Deviationsfromisotropyshouldbesuspected
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
if the shear modulus, G, differs from that determined by
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
substituting independently measured values of Young’s
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
modulus, E, and Poisson’s ratio, µ, in the relation
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
E
G 5 (1)
2. Referenced Documents 2 11µ
~ !
3
3.1.2.2 Discussion—When reporting values of shear
2.1 ASTM Standards:
modulus, the stress range over which it is measured should be
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
stated.
3.1.3 torque,[FL],n—amoment(offorces)thatproducesor
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
tends to produce rotation or torsion.
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
Uniaxial Testing.
−2
3.1.4 torsional stress [FL ],n—the shear stress in a body,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published January 2021. Originally
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20138 as E143– 13. DOI: in a plane normal to the axis or rotation, resulting from the
10.1520/E0143-20.
application of torque.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.1 angle of twist (torsion test)—the angle of relative
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
rotation measured in a plane normal to the torsion specimen’s
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. longitudinal axis over the gauge length.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E143 − 13 E143 − 20
Standard Test Method for
1
Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials
in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties
such as shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in
materials specifications. Precision and bias statements for these test methods are therefore not available.
1.2 For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for
estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such
2
determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-poundSI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered No other units of measurement
are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord Modulus
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
Application
E2624 Practice for Torque Calibration of Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on Uniaxial Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2020. Published May 2014January 2021. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 200820138 as
E143– 02(2008).13. DOI: 10.1520/E0143-13.10.1520/E0143-20.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E143 − 20
3.1.1 Definitions that appear in Terminology E6 apply to this test method, including accuracy, chord modulus, creep, eccentricity,
Poisson’s ratio, proportional limit, resolution, shear modulus, shear strain, stress-strain curve, stress-strain diagram, tangent
modulus, testing machine, torsional stress, yield strength, and Young’s modulus. Terms common to mechanical testing.
3.1.1 angle of twist (torsion test)— the angle of relative rotation measured in a plane normal to the torsion specimen’s longitudinal
axis over the gauge length.
−2
3.1.2 shear modulus, G, [FL ],n—the ratio of shear stress to corresponding shear strain below the proportional limit, also called
torsional modulus and modulus of rigidity. (See Fig. 1.)
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The value of shear modulus maycan depend on the direction in which it is measured if
...