ASTM C1793-15(2024)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Composite materials consist by definition of a reinforcement phase in a matrix phase. In addition, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) often contain measurable porosity which interacts with the reinforcement and matrix. And SiC-SiC composites often use a fiber interface coating which has an important mechanical function. The composition and structure of these different constituents in the CMC are commonly tailored for a specific application with detailed performance requirements. The tailoring involves the selection of the reinforcement fibers (composition, properties, morphology, etc.), the matrix (composition, properties, and morphology), the composite structure (component fractions, reinforcement architecture, interface coatings, porosity structure, microstructure, etc.), and the fabrication conditions (forming, assembly, forming, densification, finishing, etc.). The final engineering properties (physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, etc.) can be tailored across a broad range with major directional anisotropy in the properties.
4.2 Specifications for specific CMC components covering materials, material processing, and fabrication procedures are developed to provide a basis for fabricating reproducible and reliable structures. Designer/users/producers have to write CMC specifications for specific applications with well-defined composition, structure, properties and processing requirements. But with the extensive breadth of selection in composition, structure, and properties in CMCs, it is virtually impossible to write a "generic" CMC specification applicable to any and all CMC applications that has the same type of structure and details of the commonly-used specifications for metal alloys. This guide is written to assist the designer/user/producer in developing a comprehensive and detailed material specification for a specific CMC application/component with a specific focus on nuclear applications.
4.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide guidance o...
SCOPE
1.1 This document is a guide to preparing material specifications for silicon carbide fiber/silicon carbide matrix (SiC-SiC) composite structures (flat plates, rectangular bars, round rods, and tubes) manufactured specifically for structural components and for fuel cladding in nuclear reactor core applications. The SiC-SiC composites consist of silicon carbide fibers in a silicon carbide matrix produced by liquid infiltration/pyrolysis and/or by chemical vapor infiltration.
1.2 This guide provides direction and guidance for the development of a material specification for a specific SiC-SiC composite component or product for nuclear reactor applications. The guide considers composite constituents and structure, physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, performance durability, methods of testing, materials and fabrication processing, and quality assurance. The SiC-SiC composite materials considered here would be suitable for nuclear reactor core applications where neutron irradiation-induced damage and dimensional changes are significant design considerations. (1-8)2
1.3 The component material specification is to be developed by the designer/purchaser/user. The designer/purchaser/user shall define and specify in detail any and all application-specific requirements for design, manufacturing, performance, and quality assurance of the ceramic composite component. Additional specification items for a specific component, beyond those listed in this guide, may be required based on intended use, such as geometric tolerances, permeability, bonding, sealing, attachment, and system integration.
1.4 This guide is specifically focused on SiC-SiC composite components and structures with flat plate, solid rectangular bar, solid round rod, and tubular geometries.
1.5 This guide may also be applicable to the development of specifications for SiC-SiC composites used for other structural applic...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1793 − 15 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Guide for
Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon
Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This guide may also be applicable to the development of
specifications for SiC-SiC composites used for other structural
1.1 This document is a guide to preparing material specifi-
applications, discounting the nuclear-specific chemical purity
cations for silicon carbide fiber/silicon carbide matrix (SiC-
and irradiation behavior factors.
SiC) composite structures (flat plates, rectangular bars, round
rods, and tubes) manufactured specifically for structural com- 1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
ponents and for fuel cladding in nuclear reactor core applica- as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
tions. The SiC-SiC composites consist of silicon carbide fibers standard.
in a silicon carbide matrix produced by liquid infiltration/
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pyrolysis and/or by chemical vapor infiltration.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This guide provides direction and guidance for the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
development of a material specification for a specific SiC-SiC
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
composite component or product for nuclear reactor applica-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
tions. The guide considers composite constituents and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
structure, physical and chemical properties, mechanical
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
properties, thermal properties, performance durability, methods
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of testing, materials and fabrication processing, and quality
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
assurance. The SiC-SiC composite materials considered here
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
would be suitable for nuclear reactor core applications where
neutron irradiation-induced damage and dimensional changes
2 2. Referenced Documents
are significant design considerations. (1-8)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 The component material specification is to be developed
C242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
by the designer/purchaser/user. The designer/purchaser/user
Products
shall define and specify in detail any and all application-
C559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-
specific requirements for design, manufacturing, performance,
ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
and quality assurance of the ceramic composite component.
C577 Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
Additional specification items for a specific component, be-
C611 Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufactured
yond those listed in this guide, may be required based on
Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature
intended use, such as geometric tolerances, permeability,
C625 Practice for Reporting Irradiation Results on Graphite
bonding, sealing, attachment, and system integration.
C714 Guide for Thermal Diffusivity of Carbon and Graphite
1.4 This guide is specifically focused on SiC-SiC composite
by Thermal Pulse Method
components and structures with flat plate, solid rectangular bar,
C769 Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured
solid round rod, and tubular geometries.
Carbon and Graphite Materials for Use in Obtaining an
Approximate Value of Young’s Modulus
C816 Test Method for Sulfur Content in Graphite by
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced
Combustion-Iodometric Titration Method
Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.07 on Ceramic
Matrix Composites.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1793 – 15. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/C1793-15R24. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1793 − 15 (2024)
C838 Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured C1683 Practice for Size Scaling of Tensile Strengths Using
Carbon and Graphite Shapes Weibull Statistics for Advanced Ceramics
C1773 Test Method for Monotonic Axial Tensile Behavior
C1039 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Spe-
of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Tubu-
cific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes
lar Test Specimens at Ambient Temperature
C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
C1179 Test Method for Oxidation Mass Loss of Manufac-
(Withdrawn 2018)
tured Carbon and Graphite Materials in Air
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
C1198 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
Materials
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by
D3529/D3529M Test Methods for Constituent Content of
Sonic Resonance
Composite Prepreg
C1233 Practice for Determining Equivalent Boron Contents
D3800 Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
of Nuclear Materials
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
C1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
D4018 Test Methods for Properties of Continuous Filament
Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced
Carbon and Graphite Fiber Tows
Ceramics
D4284 Test Method for Determining Pore Volume Distribu-
C1259 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
tion of Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers by Mercury Intru-
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by
sion Porosimetry
Impulse Excitation of Vibration
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
C1274 Test Method for Advanced Ceramic Specific Surface
Methods
Area by Physical Adsorption
D5528 Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Tough-
C1275 Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Behavior of
ness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix
Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with
Composites
Solid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at Am-
D5600 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by
bient Temperature
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
C1291 Test Method for Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep
etry (ICP-AES)
Strain, Creep Strain Rate, and Creep Time to Failure for
D5766 Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of
Monolithic Advanced Ceramics
Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
C1292 Test Method for Shear Strength of Continuous Fiber-
D5961 Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Ma-
Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures trix Composite Laminates
C1337 Test Method for Creep and Creep Rupture of Con- D6484 Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of
tinuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics Under Ten- Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
sile Loading at Elevated Temperatures D6507 Practice for Fiber Reinforcement Orientation Codes
for Composite Materials
C1341 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Continuous
D6671 Test Method for Mixed Mode I-Mode II Interlaminar
Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Composites
Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced
C1358 Test Method for Monotonic Compressive Strength
Polymer Matrix Composites
Testing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ce-
D7136 Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance
ramics with Solid Rectangular Cross Section Test Speci-
of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a
mens at Ambient Temperatures
Drop-Weight Impact Event
C1359 Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Strength Testing
D7137 Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength
of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics With
Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates
Solid Rectangular Cross Section Test Specimens at El-
D7219 Specification for Isotropic and Near-isotropic
evated Temperatures
Nuclear Graphites
C1360 Practice for Constant-Amplitude, Axial, Tension-
D7542 Test Method for Air Oxidation of Carbon and Graph-
Tension Cyclic Fatigue of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced
ite in the Kinetic Regime
Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
C1425 Test Method for Interlaminar Shear Strength of 1D
E111 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
and 2D Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics
and Chord Modulus
at Elevated Temperatures
E132 Test Method for Poisson’s Ratio at Room Temperature
C1468 Test Method for Transthickness Tensile Strength of
E143 Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature
Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Am-
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
bient Temperature
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
C1470 Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Ad-
E261 Practice for Determining Neutron Fluence, Fluence
vanced Ceramics
Rate, and Spectra by Radioactivation Techniques
C1525 Test Method for Determination of Thermal Shock
Resistance for Advanced Ceramics by Water Quenching
C1557 Test Method for Tensile Strength and Young’s Modu- 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
lus of Fibers www.astm.org.
C1793 − 15 (2024)
E289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Rigid 3.1.7 fiber, n—a fibrous form of matter with an aspect ratio
Solids with Interferometry >10 and an effective diameter <1 mm. (Synonym – filament)
E408 Test Methods for Total Normal Emittance of Surfaces D3878
Using Inspection-Meter Techniques
3.1.7.1 Discussion—A fiber/filament forms the basic ele-
E423 Test Method for Normal Spectral Emittance at El-
ment of fabrics and other textile structures.
evated Temperatures of Nonconducting Specimens
3.1.8 fiber areal weight, n—the mass per unit area of the
E1269 Test Method for Determining Specific Heat Capacity
fibrous reinforcement of a composite material.
by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
D3529/D3529M
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
3.1.9 fiber content/fraction (volume or weight), n—the
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (With-
amount of fiber present in a composite, expressed either as a
drawn 2015)
percent by weight or a percent by volume. D3878
E1461 Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash
Method 3.1.10 fiber preform, n—a preshaped fibrous reinforcement,
normally without matrix, but often containing a binder to
E1922 Test Method for Translaminar Fracture Toughness of
Laminated and Pultruded Polymer Matrix Composite facilitate manufacture, formed by distribution/weaving of fi-
Materials bers to the approximate contour and thickness of the finished
E2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics part. D3878
2.2 Non-ASTM Standards:
3.1.11 fill, n—in a woven fabric, the yarn running from
CMH-17, Volume 5 Composite Materials Handbook (CMC
selvage to selvage at right angles to the warp. D3878
Handbook)
3.1.12 hybrid, n—(for composite materials) containing at
ASME B46.1-2009 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness,
least two distinct types of matrix or reinforcement. Each matrix
Waviness, and Lay)
or reinforcement type can be distinct because of its (a) physical
or mechanical properties, or both, (b) material form, or (c)
3. Terminology
chemical composition. D3878
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.13 injection molding, n—in composite fabrication, the
3.1.1 General—Many of the terms in this guide for speci-
process of forcing liquid polymer under pressure into a closed
fications are defined in the terminology standards for ceramic
mold that contains a fiber preform.
whitewares (C242), advanced ceramics (C1145), composite
materials (D3878), fabrics and test methods (D4850), and 3.1.14 knitted fabric, n—a fiber structure produced by inter-
mechanical testing (E6).
looping one or more ends of yarn or comparable material.
3.1.2 apparent porosity, n—the volume fraction of all pores, D4850
voids, and channels within a solid mass that are interconnected
3.1.15 laminate, n—any fiber- or fabric-reinforced compos-
with each other and communicate with the external surface,
ite consisting of laminae (plies) with one or more orientations
and thus are measurable by gas or liquid penetration. (Syn-
with respect to some reference direction. D3878
onym – open porosity) C242
3.1.16 lay-up, n—a process or fabrication involving the
3.1.3 braided fabric, n—a woven structure produced by
placement of successive layers of materials in specified se-
interlacing three or more ends of yarns in a manner such that
quence and orientation. E1309, D6507
the paths of the yarns are diagonal to the vertical axis of the
3.1.17 matrix, n—the continuous constituent of a composite
fabric. D4850
material, which surrounds or engulfs the embedded reinforce-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Braided structures can have 2D or 3D ment in the composite and acts as the load transfer mechanism
architectures. between the discrete reinforcement elements. D3878
3.1.4 bulk density, n—the mass of a unit volume of material
3.1.18 matrix content, n—the amount of matrix present in a
including both permeable and impermeable voids. D7219
composite expressed either as a percent by weight or a percent
by volume. D3878
3.1.5 ceramic matrix composite, n—a material consisting of
two or more materials (insoluble in one another), in which the
3.1.19 ply, n—in 2D laminar composites, the constituent
major, continuous component (matrix component) is a ceramic,
single layer as used in fabricating, or occurring within, a
while the secondary component(s) (reinforcing component)
composite structure. D3878
may be ceramic, glass-ceramic, glass, metal or organic in
3.1.20 prepreg, n—the admixture of fibrous reinforcement
nature. These components are combined on a macroscale to
and polymeric matrix used to fabricate composite materials. Its
form a useful e
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