ASTM A878/A878M-99

Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Modified Chromium Vanadium Valve Spring Quality

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round modified chromium vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition as specified by purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-1999
• ICS: 77.140.25 - Spring steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A878/A878M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Modified Chromium Vanadium Valve Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 878/A878M – 99
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Modified Chromium Vanadium Valve Spring
Quality
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA878/A878M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.4 AIAG Standard:
AIAGB-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification TagApplica-
1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round
tion Standard
modified chromium vanadium alloy steel valve spring wire,
uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of
3. Ordering Information
valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue proper-
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
ties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire
the following information for each ordered item:
shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
condition as specified by purchaser.
3.1.2 Name of material (modified chromium vanadium
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
alloy steel valve spring quality wire),
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),
must be used independent of the other.
3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-
tion 13), and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
of Steel Products
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kg
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
oil-tempered modified chromium vanadium alloy steel valve spring
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment quality wire, size 6.00 mm in 150-kg coils toASTM ___ dated ___ , or for
inch-pound, 40 000-lb oil-tempered modified chromium vanadium alloy
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
steel valve spring quality wire, size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils toASTM ___
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
dated ___ .
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
4. Materials and Manufacture
E 45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content of
4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
Steel
steel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or
2.2 Federal Standard:
strand cast.
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe
2.3 Military Standard:
and undue segregation.
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
ment and Storage
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 Thesteelshallconformtotherequirementsforchemical
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, composition specified in Table 2.
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.2 Heat Analysis—Each heat of steel shall be analyzed by
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements
Current edition approved March 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally
prescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test
published as A 878/A 878M – 87. Last previous edition A 878/A 878M – 98.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
6 7
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700 Available from the Automotive Industry Action Group, 26200 Lahser, Suite
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 200, Southfield, MI 48034.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
A 878/A878M – 99
A A
TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
SI Units SI Units
Permissible Permissible Diameter, mm MPa, min MPa, max
Diameter, mm Variations, Out-of Round,
0.5 2000 2170
6mm mm
1.0 1930 2100
0.5 to 2.0, incl 0.02 0.02 1.5 1830 2000
Over 2.0 to 4.0, incl 0.03 0.03 2.0 1760 1900
Over 4.0 to 9.5, incl 0.04 0.04 3.0 1660 1800
3.75 1620 1760
Inch-Pound Units
4.5 1590 1730
Permissible Permissible 5.0 1550 1690
Diameter, in. Variations, Out-of Round, 5.7 1520 1660
6in. in. 6.3 1480 1620
7.9 1450 1590
0.020 to 0.075, incl 0.0008 0.0008
9.5 1410 1550
Over 0.075 to 0.148, incl 0.001 0.001
Over 0.148 to 0.375, incl 0.0015 0.0015 Inch-Pound Units
A
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specified
Diameter, in. ksi, min ksi, max
limits are absolute as defined in Recommended Practice E29.
0.020 290 315
0.040 280 305
0.060 265 290
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
0.080 255 275
0.120 240 260
Analysis,% ProductAnalysis
0.148 235 255
Tolerance,%
0.177 230 250
Carbon 0.60–0.75 60.02 0.200 225 245
Manganese 0.50–0.90 60.03
0.225 220 240
Phosphorus 0.025 max +0.005 0.250 215 235
Sulfur 0.025 max +0.005
0.312 210 230
Silicon 0.15–0.30 60.02 0.375 205 225
Chromium 0.35–0.60 60.05
A
Tensile strength valves for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.
Vanadium 0.10–0.25 60.01
6.3 Wrap Test:
6.3.1 Oil-tempered or cold-drawn wire 4.00 mm [0.162 in.]
When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and
and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor without
shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.
breakage. Larger diameter wire up to and including 8.00 mm
5.3 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the
[0.312 in.] in diameter shall wrap without breakage on a
purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.
mandrel twice the wire diameter. The wrap test is not appli-
The average of all the separate determinations made shall be
cable to wire over 8.00 mm [0.312 in.] in diameter.
within the limits specified in the analysis column. Individual
6.3.2 NumberofTests—Onetestspecimenshallbetakenfor
determinations may vary to the extent shown in the product
each five coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a given
analysis tolerance column, except that the several determina-
lot shall be tested.
tions of a single element in any one heat shall not vary both
6.3.3 LocationofTests—Test specimens shall be taken from
above and below the specified range.
either end of the coil.
5.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and
6.3.4 Test Method—The wrap test shall be made in accor-
Terminology A 751 shall be used.
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
6. Mechanical Properties 7. Metallurgical Requirements
6.1 Annealed and Cold Drawn—When purchased in the 7.1 Surface Condition:
annealed and cold-drawn condition, the wire shall have been 7.1.1 The surface of the wire as received shall be free of
given a sufficient amount of cold working to meet the purchas- imperfections such as pits, die marks, scratches, seams, and
er’s coiling requirements and shall be in a suitable condition to other defects tending to impair the fatigue value of the springs.
respond properly to heat treatment. In special cases the 7.1.2 Number of Tests—One test specimen shall be taken
hardness, if desired, shall be stated in the purchase order. from each end of every coil.
6.2 Oil Tempered—When purchased in the oil-tempered 7.1.3 Test Method—The surface shall be examined after
condition, the tensile strength shall conform to the require- etching in a solution of equal parts of hydrochloric acid and
m
...