ASTM D2197-16(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coatings to perform satisfactorily must adhere to the substrates on which they are applied. This test method has been found useful in differentiating the degree of adhesion of coatings to substrates. It is most useful in providing relative ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant differences in adhesion.
4.2 Studies performed in a laboratory using the loop stylus specified in the previous edition showed meaningful adhesion data were impossible when loads of 10 to 20 kg were required to break the surface of a solvent based coating. The chrome plated loop stylus chattered and skipped across the coating surface when loads of this magnitude were required. Similar meaningless data were obtained when powder coatings were tested that required more than 10 kg to break the surface. Therefore, testing under these conditions is not applicable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the adhesion of organic coatings such as paint, varnish, and lacquer when applied to smooth, flat (planar) panel surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2197 − 16 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the adhe-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
sion of organic coatings such as paint, varnish, and lacquer
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
when applied to smooth, flat (planar) panel surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1 Thematerialsundertestareappliedatuniformthickness
only.
to flat panels, usually sheet metal of uniform surface texture.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
After drying, the adhesion is determined by pushing the panels
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
beneath a rounded stylus or loop that is loaded in increasing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
amounts until the coating is removed from the substrate
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
surface.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 Coatings to perform satisfactorily must adhere to the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
substratesonwhichtheyareapplied.Thistestmethodhasbeen
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
found useful in differentiating the degree of adhesion of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
coatings to substrates. It is most useful in providing relative
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant
differences in adhesion.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Studies performed in a laboratory using the loop stylus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specified in the previous edition showed meaningful adhesion
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
data were impossible when loads of 10 to 20 kg were required
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
to break the surface of a solvent based coating. The chrome
Related Coating Products
plated loop stylus chattered and skipped across the coating
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
surface when loads of this magnitude were required. Similar
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
meaningless data were obtained when powder coatings were
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
tested that required more than 10 kg to break the surface.
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
Therefore, testing under these conditions is not applicable.
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
5. Apparatus
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
5.1 Application Equipment, as described in Practices D823.
5.2 Film-Thickness Measuring Apparatus, as described in
Test Method D1005 or Practice D7091.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
5.3 BalancedBeam,ScrapeAdhesionTester (Figs. 1 and 2),
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
consisting of a balanced beam to which is secured a platform
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved
for supporting weights, and a rod at an angle of 45° that holds
in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2197 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/
D2197-16R22.
the scraping loop.The rod shall be set so that the scraping loop
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contacts test surfaces directly below the weights. The loop
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
shall be 1.6-mm ( ⁄16-in.) diameter rod, bent into a “U” shape
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. with an outside radius of 3.25 6 0.05 mm (0.128 6 0.002 in.)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2197 − 16 (2022)
FIG. 1 Balanced-Beam Scrape-Adhesion Tester
FIG. 2 Balanced Beam Scrape Adhesion and Mar Tester
andhardenedtoRockwellHRC56to58,andshallbeasmooth 7. Conditioning and Number of Tests
finish. The loop can be either chromium plated, nickel plated,
7.1 Condition the test panels for at least 48 h at 23 62°C
or heat treated polished steel, as agreed upon between the
(73.5 6 3.5 °F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, and test in the
purchaser and the supplier. These testers are adjustable to
same environment, or immediately on removal therefrom,
accommodate flat, metallic, and nonmetallic specimens to
unless otherwise specified or agreed by the seller and the
12-mm(0.5-in.)thickand100to400mm(4to16in.)wideand
purchaser. Test at least two replicate specimens of each
long; the specimen should be at least 12-mm ( ⁄2-in.) wide.
material.
6. Preparation of Specimens
8. Procedure
6.1 Apply the materials under test to panels of the compo-
8.1 When using the instrument shown in Fig. 1, level the
sition and surface condition on which it is desired to determine
base plate of the apparatus and place it so that the weight
adhesion. The panel material (6.1.1), surface preparation,
holder is toward the operator. This places the beam release on
thickness, and number of coats shall be specified or agreed
the operator’s right and allows freedom to move the test
upon by the seller and the purchaser. Apply uniform coatings
specimen manually under the weighted scraping element
and air dry or bake under conditions of humidity and tempera-
(loop). Adjust the main bearing support so that the beam is
turemutuallyagreeabletothesellerandpurchaser.Eithermask
balanced in the horizontal plane when the loop is just touching
the panel or remove material after application, so that 13 mm
the specimen surface.
( ⁄2 in.) at one end of the panel is uncoated.
6.1.1 The surface of the panel must be hard enough that it 8.2 Raise the beam and lock it. Wipe the loop with clean
will not be damaged by the scraping loop. If no panel material cloth or chamois. Place a test panel on the sliding platform so
is specified, use 0.8-mm (0.032-in.) cold-rolled carbon steel that it may be moved away from the operator and t
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