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ASTM D2197-16(2022)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion

Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coatings to perform satisfactorily must adhere to the substrates on which they are applied. This test method has been found useful in differentiating the degree of adhesion of coatings to substrates. It is most useful in providing relative ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant differences in adhesion.  
4.2 Studies performed in a laboratory using the loop stylus specified in the previous edition showed meaningful adhesion data were impossible when loads of 10 to 20 kg were required to break the surface of a solvent based coating. The chrome plated loop stylus chattered and skipped across the coating surface when loads of this magnitude were required. Similar meaningless data were obtained when powder coatings were tested that required more than 10 kg to break the surface. Therefore, testing under these conditions is not applicable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the adhesion of organic coatings such as paint, varnish, and lacquer when applied to smooth, flat (planar) panel surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2022
ICS
25.220.60 - Organic coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1005-95(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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ASTM D2197-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape AdhesionASTM D2197-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
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ASTM D2197-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2197 − 16 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
1
Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the adhe-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
sion of organic coatings such as paint, varnish, and lacquer
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
when applied to smooth, flat (planar) panel surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1 Thematerialsundertestareappliedatuniformthickness
only.
to flat panels, usually sheet metal of uniform surface texture.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
After drying, the adhesion is determined by pushing the panels
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
beneath a rounded stylus or loop that is loaded in increasing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
amounts until the coating is removed from the substrate
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
surface.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 Coatings to perform satisfactorily must adhere to the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
substratesonwhichtheyareapplied.Thistestmethodhasbeen
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
found useful in differentiating the degree of adhesion of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
coatings to substrates. It is most useful in providing relative
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant
differences in adhesion.
2. Referenced Documents
2
4.2 Studies performed in a laboratory using the loop stylus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specified in the previous edition showed meaningful adhesion
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
data were impossible when loads of 10 to 20 kg were required
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
to break the surface of a solvent based coating. The chrome
Related Coating Products
plated loop stylus chattered and skipped across the coating
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
surface when loads of this magnitude were required. Similar
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
meaningless data were obtained when powder coatings were
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
tested that required more than 10 kg to break the surface.
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
Therefore, testing under these conditions is not applicable.
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
5. Apparatus
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
5.1 Application Equipment, as described in Practices D823.
5.2 Film-Thickness Measuring Apparatus, as described in
Test Method D1005 or Practice D7091.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
5.3 BalancedBeam,ScrapeAdhesionTester (Figs. 1 and 2),
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
consisting of a balanced beam to which is secured a platform
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved
for supporting weights, and a rod at an angle of 45° that holds
in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2197 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/
D2197-16R22.
the scraping loop.The rod shall be set so that the scraping loop
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contacts test surfaces directly below the weights. The loop
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
shall be 1.6-mm ( ⁄16-in.) diameter rod, bent into a “U” shape
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. with an outside radius of
...

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FIG. 1 Abrasion Test Apparatus
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5.1 Pencil hardness measurements have been used by the coatings industry for many years to determine the hardness of clear and pigmented organic coating films. This test method has also been used to determine the cure of these coatings, especially when using forced dried heat.  
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4.1 The pull-off strength (commonly referred to as adhesion) of a coating is an important performance property that has been used in specifications. This test method serves as a means for uniformly preparing and testing organic coatings on plastic or other substrates.4 Further information may be found in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of organic coating adhesion to plastic substrates by mounting and removing a metal stud from the surface of the coating and measuring the force required to break the coating/substrate bond with a tensile tester. This test method may also be applied to substrates other than plastic.  
1.2 This test method requires that the metal stud be adhered directly to the surface of a coated, cured panel (Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Direct Tensile Model  
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1.4 Other tensile test methods are Test Methods D4541, D7234, D7522, and ISO 4624 (but are not technically equivalent).  
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ASTM D2370-16(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tensile properties determined by this method are of value in studying the behavior of coatings subjected to environmental stresses, such as those produced by aging and weathering. (See Refs. (1-10).)4  
5.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen thickness, method of preparation, gage length, rate of load application, tensile tester response, and type of grips used. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elongation, tensile strength, and stiffness (modulus of elasticity) of organic coatings when tested as free films.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D522/D522M-17(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings

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4.1 Coatings attached to substrates are elongated when the substrates are dimensionally unstable, or are bent during the manufacture of articles or when the articles are abused in service. These test methods have been useful in rating attached coatings for their ability to resist cracking when elongated. They have been useful in evaluating the flexibility of coatings on flexible substrates. The elongation of coating films may also be tested using Test Method D2370. The correlation between elongation determined in accordance with Test Methods D522/D522M and D2370 is unknown.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance to cracking (flexibility) of attached organic coatings on substrates of sheet metal or rubber-type materials.  
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